从状态转换的图形流程图 [英] Graph flow chart of transition from states
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问题描述
我正在尝试找到一种在R中绘制这样的图形的方法:
I'm trying to find a way to graph something like this in R:
这是州之间的过渡，我希望方框等于人口大小，并希望箭头指示过渡的大小.我看过关系图包，但是它很流畅图表似乎太粗糙了.
It is a transition between states, I want the boxes to be equal to the population size and the arrows to indicate the size of the transition. I've looked at the Diagram package but it's flow charts seem too crude for this.
- 是否有更好的软件包可以实现此目的?
- 如果1 ==否:是否还有其他更适合的软件?
- 如果1& 2 ==否:我猜想最后一招是网格贝塞尔曲线箭头，有什么想法可以快速解决这个问题吗?
- Is there a better package that allows this?
- If 1 == FALSE: Is there some other software that is better suited?
- If 1 & 2 == FALSE: I guess the last resort is grid rectangles and bezier curved arrows, any ideas how to quickly get this off the ground?
推荐答案
好，所以我无法抗拒，我按照@agstudy的建议，基于网格包进行了绘制.几件事仍然困扰着我:
OK, so I couldn't resist it, I did a plot based upon the grid package as @agstudy suggested. A few things still bother me:
- 贝塞尔曲线的箭头不沿线，而是直接指向方框，而不是成一定角度进入.
- 我不知道贝塞尔曲线有一个不错的分级选项，通常似乎几乎不支持R中的渐变(我读过的大多数解决方案都是关于多义线)
好吧，经过大量的工作，我终于完全正确了.我的软件包的新0.5.3.0版本具有该绘图的代码.
Ok, after a lot of work I finally got it exactly right. The new 0.5.3.0 version of my package has the code for the plot.
这是情节:
和代码:
#' A transition plot
#'
#' This plot purpose is to illustrate how states change before and
#' after. In my research I use it before surgery and after surgery
#' but it can be used in any situation where you have a change from
#' one state to another
#'
#' @param transition_flow This should be a matrix with the size of the transitions.
#' The unit for each cell should be number of observations, row/column-proportions
#' will show incorrect sizes. The matrix needs to be square. The best way to generate
#' this matrix is probably just do a \code{table(starting_state, end_state)}. The rows
#' represent the starting positions, while the columns the end positions. I.e. the first
#' rows third column is the number of observations that go from the first class to the
#' third class.
#' @param box_txt The text to appear inside of the boxes. If you need line breaks
#' then you need to manually add a \\n inside the string.
#' @param tot_spacing The proportion of the vertical space that is to be left
#' empty. It is then split evenly between the boxes.
#' @param box_width The width of the box. By default the box is one fourth of
#' the plot width.
#' @param fill_start_box The fill color of the start boxes. This can either
#' be a single value ore a vector if you desire different colors for each
#' box.
#' @param txt_start_clr The text color of the start boxes. This can either
#' be a single value ore a vector if you desire different colors for each
#' box.
#' @param fill_end_box The fill color of the end boxes. This can either
#' be a single value ore a vector if you desire different colors for each
#' box.
#' @param txt_end_clr The text color of the end boxes. This can either
#' be a single value ore a vector if you desire different colors for each
#' box.
#' @param pt The point size of the text
#' @param min_lwd The minimum width of the line that we want to illustrate the
#' tranisition with.
#' @param max_lwd The maximum width of the line that we want to illustrate the
#' tranisition with.
#' @param lwd_prop_total The width of the lines may be proportional to either the
#' other flows from that box, or they may be related to all flows. This is a boolean
#' parameter that is set to true by default, i.e. relating to all flows.
#' @return void
#' @example examples/transitionPlot_example.R
#'
#' @author max
#' @import grid
#' @export
transitionPlot <- function (transition_flow,
box_txt = rownames(transition_flow),
tot_spacing = 0.2,
box_width = 1/4,
fill_start_box = "darkgreen",
txt_start_clr = "white",
fill_end_box = "steelblue",
txt_end_clr = "white",
pt=20,
min_lwd = 1,
max_lwd = 6,
lwd_prop_total = TRUE) {
# Just for convenience
no_boxes <- nrow(transition_flow)
# Do some sanity checking of the variables
if (tot_spacing < 0 ||
tot_spacing > 1)
stop("Total spacing, the tot_spacing param,",
" must be a fraction between 0-1,",
" you provided ", tot_spacing)
if (box_width < 0 ||
box_width > 1)
stop("Box width, the box_width param,",
" must be a fraction between 0-1,",
" you provided ", box_width)
# If the text element is a vector then that means that
# the names are the same prior and after
if (is.null(box_txt))
box_txt = matrix("", ncol=2, nrow=no_boxes)
if (is.null(dim(box_txt)) && is.vector(box_txt))
if (length(box_txt) != no_boxes)
stop("You have an invalid length of text description, the box_txt param,",
" it should have the same length as the boxes, ", no_boxes, ",",
" but you provided a length of ", length(box_txt))
else
box_txt <- cbind(box_txt, box_txt)
else if (nrow(box_txt) != no_boxes ||
ncol(box_txt) != 2)
stop("Your box text matrix doesn't have the right dimension, ",
no_boxes, " x 2, it has: ",
paste(dim(box_txt), collapse=" x "))
# Make sure that the clrs correspond to the number of boxes
fill_start_box <- rep(fill_start_box, length.out=no_boxes)
txt_start_clr <- rep(txt_start_clr, length.out=no_boxes)
fill_end_box <- rep(fill_end_box, length.out=no_boxes)
txt_end_clr <- rep(txt_end_clr, length.out=no_boxes)
if(nrow(transition_flow) != ncol(transition_flow))
stop("Invalid input array, the matrix is not square but ",
nrow(transition_flow), " x ", ncol(transition_flow))
# Set the proportion of the start/end sizes of the boxes
prop_start_sizes <- rowSums(transition_flow)/sum(transition_flow)
prop_end_sizes <- colSums(transition_flow)/sum(transition_flow)
if (sum(prop_end_sizes) == 0)
stop("You can't have all empty boxes after the transition")
getBoxPositions <- function (no, side){
empty_boxes <- ifelse(side == "left",
sum(prop_start_sizes==0),
sum(prop_end_sizes==0))
# Calculate basics
space <- tot_spacing/(no_boxes-1-empty_boxes)
# Do the y-axis
ret <- list(height=(1-tot_spacing)*ifelse(side == "left",
prop_start_sizes[no],
prop_end_sizes[no]))
if (no == 1){
ret$top <- 1
}else{
ret$top <- 1 -
ifelse(side == "left",
sum(prop_start_sizes[1:(no-1)]),
sum(prop_end_sizes[1:(no-1)])) * (1-tot_spacing) -
space*(no-1)
}
ret$bottom <- ret$top - ret$height
ret$y <- mean(c(ret$top, ret$bottom))
ret$y_exit <- rep(ret$y, times=no_boxes)
ret$y_entry_height <- ret$height/3
ret$y_entry <- seq(to=ret$y-ret$height/6,
from=ret$y+ret$height/6,
length.out=no_boxes)
# Now the x-axis
if (side == "right"){
ret$left <- 1-box_width
ret$right <- 1
}else{
ret$left <- 0
ret$right <- box_width
}
txt_margin <- box_width/10
ret$txt_height <- ret$height - txt_margin*2
ret$txt_width <- box_width - txt_margin*2
ret$x <- mean(c(ret$left, ret$right))
return(ret)
}
plotBoxes <- function (no_boxes, width, txt,
fill_start_clr, fill_end_clr,
lwd=2, line_col="#000000") {
plotBox <- function(bx, bx_txt, fill){
grid.roundrect(y=bx$y, x=bx$x,
height=bx$height, width=width,
gp = gpar(lwd=lwd, fill=fill, col=line_col))
if (bx_txt != ""){
grid.text(bx_txt,y=bx$y, x=bx$x,
just="centre",
gp=gpar(col=txt_start_clr, fontsize=pt))
}
}
for(i in 1:no_boxes){
if (prop_start_sizes[i] > 0){
bx_left <- getBoxPositions(i, "left")
plotBox(bx=bx_left, bx_txt = txt[i, 1], fill=fill_start_clr[i])
}
if (prop_end_sizes[i] > 0){
bx_right <- getBoxPositions(i, "right")
plotBox(bx=bx_right, bx_txt = txt[i, 2], fill=fill_end_clr[i])
}
}
}
# Do the plot
require("grid")
plot.new()
vp1 <- viewport(x = 0.51, y = 0.49, height=.95, width=.95)
pushViewport(vp1)
shadow_clr <- rep(grey(.8), length.out=no_boxes)
plotBoxes(no_boxes,
box_width,
txt = matrix("", nrow=no_boxes, ncol=2), # Don't print anything in the shadow boxes
fill_start_clr = shadow_clr,
fill_end_clr = shadow_clr,
line_col=shadow_clr[1])
popViewport()
vp1 <- viewport(x = 0.5, y = 0.5, height=.95, width=.95)
pushViewport(vp1)
plotBoxes(no_boxes, box_width,
txt = box_txt,
fill_start_clr = fill_start_box,
fill_end_clr = fill_end_box)
for (i in 1:no_boxes){
bx_left <- getBoxPositions(i, "left")
for (flow in 1:no_boxes){
if (transition_flow[i,flow] > 0){
bx_right <- getBoxPositions(flow, "right")
a_l <- (box_width/4)
a_angle <- atan(bx_right$y_entry_height/(no_boxes+.5)/2/a_l)*180/pi
if (lwd_prop_total)
lwd <- min_lwd + (max_lwd-min_lwd)*transition_flow[i,flow]/max(transition_flow)
else
lwd <- min_lwd + (max_lwd-min_lwd)*transition_flow[i,flow]/max(transition_flow[i,])
# Need to adjust the end of the arrow as it otherwise overwrites part of the box
# if it is thick
right <- bx_right$left-.00075*lwd
grid.bezier(x=c(bx_left$right, .5, .5, right),
y=c(bx_left$y_exit[flow], bx_left$y_exit[flow],
bx_right$y_entry[i], bx_right$y_entry[i]),
gp=gpar(lwd=lwd, fill="black"),
arrow=arrow(type="closed", angle=a_angle, length=unit(a_l, "npc")))
# TODO: A better option is probably bezierPoints
}
}
}
popViewport()
}
该示例是通过以下方式生成的:
And the example was generated with:
# Settings
no_boxes <- 3
# Generate test setting
transition_matrix <- matrix(NA, nrow=no_boxes, ncol=no_boxes)
transition_matrix[1,] <- 200*c(.5, .25, .25)
transition_matrix[2,] <- 540*c(.75, .10, .15)
transition_matrix[3,] <- 340*c(0, .2, .80)
transitionPlot(transition_matrix,
box_txt = c("First", "Second", "Third"))
我还将它添加到了 Gmisc软件包中.享受吧！
I've also added this to my Gmisc-package. Enjoy!
这篇关于从状态转换的图形流程图的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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