如何使用Python Popen做多个参数? [英] How to do multiple arguments with Python Popen?

问题描述

我正在尝试制作一个带有按钮的PyGtk Gui.当用户按下此按钮时，gnome-terminal提示用户输入密码.

I am trying to make a PyGtk Gui, that has a button. When the user presses this button, gnome-terminal prompts the user to write their password.

然后它将克隆 Git存储库为gedit JQuery代码片段.

Then it will clone this Git repository for gedit JQuery snippets.

然后将js.xml文件复制到/usr/share/gedit/plugins/snippets/js.xml

最后，它会强制删除Git存储库.

In the end, it forcefully removes the Git repository.

命令:

gnome-terminal -x sudo git clone git://github.com/pererinha/gedit-snippet-jquery.git && sudo cp -f gedit-snippet-jquery/js.xml /usr/share/gedit/plugins/snippets/js.xml && sudo rm -rf gedit-snippet-jquery

它在我的终端上正常工作.

It works fine in my terminal.

但是，通过GUI刚刚打开，我添加了密码，按Enter，然后再次关闭.

But, via the GUI it just opens, I add my password, press enter, and then it closes again.

我只想对第一个&&

这是我的Python函数(带有命令):

    def on_install_jquery_code_snippet_for_gedit_activate(self, widget):
        """ Install Jquery code snippet for Gedit. """
        cmd="gnome-terminal -x sudo git clone git://github.com/pererinha/gedit-snippet-jquery.git && sudo cp -f gedit-snippet-jquery/js.xml /usr/share/gedit/plugins/snippets/js.xml && sudo rm -rf gedit-snippet-jquery"
        p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT,
                 close_fds=False)
        self.status.set_text(p.stdout.read()) #show response in 'status

推荐答案

要直接回答您的问题，请阅读以下内容.但是您的程序存在很多问题，我在更好的实践"中介绍了其中的一些问题.

To directly answer your question, read below. But there's a lot of problems with your program, some of which I cover in "Better practice."

默认情况下，提供 subprocess.Popen 命令作为字符串列表.

By default, subprocess.Popen commands are supplied as a list of strings.

但是，您也可以使用shell参数执行命令其格式与在shell提示符下键入时的格式完全相同."

However, you can also you can use the shell argument to execute a command "formatted exactly as it would be when typed at the shell prompt."

否:

>>> p = Popen("cat -n file1 file2")

是:

>>> p = Popen("cat -n file1 file2", shell=True)
>>> p = Popen(["cat", "-n", "file1", "file2"])

这两个选项之间存在许多差异，并且每个选项都有有效的用例.我不会尝试总结差异- Popen文档在这方面做得很好.

There are a number of differences between these two options, and valid use cases for each. I won't attempt to summarize the differences- the Popen docs already do an excellent job of that.

因此，对于您的命令，您将执行以下操作:

So, in the case of your commands, you'd do something like this:

cmd = "gnome-terminal -x sudo git clone git://github.com/pererinha/gedit-snippet-jquery.git && sudo cp -f gedit-snippet-jquery/js.xml /usr/share/gedit/plugins/snippets/js.xml && sudo rm -rf gedit-snippet-jquery"
p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT,
          close_fds=False)

更好的练习

但是，使用Python作为许多系统命令的包装并不是一个好主意.至少，您应该将命令分解为单独的Popens，以便可以适当地处理非零退出.实际上，此脚本似乎更适合作为Shell脚本.但是，如果您坚持使用Python，则有更好的做法.

Better practice

However, using Python as a wrapper for many system commands is not really a good idea. At the very least, you should be breaking up your commands into separate Popens, so that non-zero exits can be handled adequately. In reality, this script seems like it'd be much better suited as a shell script. But if you insist on Python, there are better practices.

os模块应该代替对rm的调用，并且cp.而且，尽管我没有经验，但您可能希望查看 GitPython 之类的工具来与Git存储库进行交互

The os module should take the place of calls to rm and cp. And while I have no experience with it, you might want to look at tools like GitPython to interact with Git repositories.

最后，您应谨慎呼叫gnome-terminal和sudo.并非所有的GNU/Linux用户都运行Ubuntu，也不是每个人都安装了sudo或GNOME终端模拟器.在当前形式下，如果出现以下情况，您的脚本将崩溃，但无济于事:

Lastly, you should be careful about making calls to gnome-terminal and sudo. Not all GNU/Linux users run Ubuntu, and not everyone has sudo, or the GNOME terminal emulator installed. In its current form, your script will crash, rather unhelpfully, if:

• 未安装sudo命令
• 用户不在sudoers组
• 用户未使用GNOME或其默认终端仿真器
• 未安装Git

• The sudo command is not installed
• The user is not in the sudoers group
• The user doesn't use GNOME, or its default terminal emulator
• Git is not installed

如果您愿意假设您的用户正在运行Ubuntu，则比直接调用gnome-terminal更好的选择是调用x-terminal-emulator，因为它将调用他们已安装的任何终端模拟器(例如，用户使用xfce4-terminal ).

If you're willing to assume your users are running Ubuntu, calling x-terminal-emulator is a much better option than calling gnome-terminal directly, as it will call whatever terminal emulator they've installed (e.g. xfce4-terminal for users of Xubuntu).

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