如何对便携式POSIX Shell脚本进行语法检查? [英] How to syntax check portable POSIX shell scripts?

问题描述

为第一个参数提供/bin/true时，以下shell脚本执行良好，但在执行过程中可能会因语法错误而失败！

The following shell script executes well when provided /bin/true for the first argument, but may otherwise fail with a syntax error during execution!

#!/bin/sh
if $1 ; then exit; fi
/tmp/asdf <<< ASDF # Something with syntax error in POSIX

通过静态检查是否可以避免某些语法错误(如果不是全部?)? 如何静态检查给定的 Shell命令语言脚本在语法上有效吗?

Surely some syntax errors (if not all?) can be avoided by static checking? How do I statically check whether a given Shell Command Language script is syntactically valid?

编辑:在

Checking for syntax errors in Bash scripts has been answered in this question.

编辑#2:请注意， Bash失败不能正确检查语法是否符合POSIX，甚至在除-n之外还使用+B和--posix标志执行时.

EDIT #2: Note that Bash fails to properly check whether the syntax adheres to POSIX even when executed with the +B and --posix flags in addition to -n.

推荐答案

所有POSIX兼容的 set -n 内置的，可用于检查脚本的语法.因此有可能在前面

All POSIX-compatible Shell Command Language shells support the set -n built-in which can be used to check the syntax of the script. Therefore it is possible to prepend

set -n

对您的代码进行语法检查.还请注意，还需要标准 sh 实用程序来支持命令行. -n标志，具有与使用set -n等效的语义. Bash和可能的其他Shell也支持此命令行标志.因此，您只需运行以下命令即可对脚本进行语法检查:

to your code to syntax check it. Note also that standard sh utility is also required to support a command-line -n flag, which has equivalent semantics to using set -n. Bash and possibly other shells also support this command-line flag. Therefore you can simply run the following to syntax check your script:

sh -n yourScriptFilename.sh

警告::这不能保证脚本具有完全与POSIX兼容的语法.例如，除了作为sh调用的-n之外，即使使用--posix(和/或+B)命令行选项时，Bash也会使bashisms(例如数组和c{a,u}t)不被注意.其他外壳可能也有类似的问题.

WARNING: This does not give you a guarantee that the script has fully POSIX compatible syntax. For example, Bash allows bashisms (e.g. arrays and c{a,u}t) to go unnoticed even when using the --posix (and/or +B) command line option in addition to -n when invoked as sh. Other shells might have similar issues.

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