SQLAlchemy:如何筛选PgArray列类型? [英] SQLAlchemy: how to filter on PgArray column types?

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问题描述

在纯postgres中,我们可以编写:

In pure postgres we can write:

SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE 10000 = ANY (array_field);

SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE 10000 = ALL (array_field);

如何在没有原始sql的情况下借助sqlalchemy进行相同的操作?

How to do the same with the help of sqlalchemy without raw sql?

推荐答案

a = ANY(b_array)等效于 a IN (elements_of_b_array) < sup> 1 。

因此,您可以使用 in _()方法

Therefore you can use the in_() method.

我不记得在PostgreSQL的所有这些年中曾经使用过 a = ALL(b_array)。你有吗?

I can't remember ever having used a = ALL(b_array) in all my years with PostgreSQL. Have you?

如果要处理 array列,并想测试是否在该列中包含给定元素(或给定数组的所有元素),则可以利用 PostgreSQL数组运算符 @> 包含)或更合适的是反同级 < @ 包含在中)。

If you are dealing with an array column and want to test whether it contains a given element (or all elements of a given array) in that column, then you can utilize PostgreSQL array operators @> (contains) or more appropriately the inverse sibling <@ (is contained by).

数组运算符的优点是可以通过数组列上的 GIN索引来支持它们(不同于 ANY 构造。)

Array operators carry the advantage that they can be supported with a GIN index on the array column (unlike the ANY construct).

您的SQL语句:

SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE 10000 = ANY (array_field);

(几乎) 1 等同于

SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE 10000 <@ array_field;

我不是SQLAlchemy的专家,但根据 SQLAlchemy手册中的教程,您可以使用任何运算符:

I am no expert with SQLAlchemy, but according to the tutorial in the SQLAlchemy manual, you can use any operator:


如果遇到确实不可用的运算符,则
始终可以使用 op () 方法;这会生成您需要的任何
运算符:

If you have come across an operator which really isn’t available, you can always use the op() method; this generates whatever operator you need:

>>> print users.c.name.op('tiddlywinks')('foo') users.name tiddlywinks :name_1


强调粗体。您的语句在SQLA中可能如下所示:

Bold emphasis mine. Your statement could look like this in SQLA:

s = select([my_table], array_field.op('@>')('ARRAY[10000]'))

或使用替代输入PostgreSQL数组值的语法:

Or with alternative input syntax for PostgreSQL array values:

s = select([my_table], array_field.op('@>') (cast('{10000}', int[])))








1 与NULL处理有细微的区别:


1 There is a subtle difference with NULL handling:

SELECT '{NULL}'::int[] <@ ... -- that's an array with a single NULL element

始终产生 FALSE

SELECT NULL IN (...)
SELECT NULL = ANY (...)
SELECT NULL::int[] <@ ...

始终产生 NULL

如果您不想发呆对于 NULL 值y,您可以忽略它。

If you are not going to query for NULL values, you can ignore this.

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