Python GIL和全局变量 [英] Python GIL and globals

问题描述

在python中，我定义了一个全局变量，该变量由不同的线程读取/递增.由于存在GIL，如果不使用任何类型的锁定机制，是否会引起问题?

In python, I have a global variable defined that gets read/incremented by different threads. Because of the GIL, will this ever cause problems without using any kind of locking mechanism?

推荐答案

GIL仅要求解释器在另一个线程可以接管之前完全执行一条字节码指令.但是，没有理由假设增量操作是一条指令.例如:

The GIL only requires that the interpreter completely executes a single bytecode instruction before another thread can take over. However, there is no reason to assume that an increment operation is a single instruction. For example:

>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis(compile("x=753","","exec"))
  1           0 LOAD_CONST               0 (753)
              3 STORE_NAME               0 (x)
              6 LOAD_CONST               1 (None)
              9 RETURN_VALUE
>>> dis.dis(compile("x+=1","","exec"))
  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
              3 LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
              6 INPLACE_ADD
              7 STORE_NAME               0 (x)
             10 LOAD_CONST               1 (None)
             13 RETURN_VALUE

如您所见，即使这些简单的操作也不仅仅是单个字节码指令.因此，每当在线程之间共享数据时，您必须使用单独的锁定机制(例如threading.lock)以保持数据一致性.

As you can see, even these simple operations are more than a single bytecode instruction. Therefore, whenever sharing data between threads, you must use a separate locking mechanism (eg, threading.lock) in order to maintain data consistency.

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