量子计算机的软件仿真 [英] Software simulation of a quantum computer

问题描述

虽然我们在等待量子计算机，但可以编写一个模拟它的软件吗?我怀疑答案是否定的，但希望不这样做的原因能为我们揭开谜底.

While we are waiting for our quantum computers, is it possible to write a software simulation of one? I suspect the answer is no, but hope the reasons why not will throw some light on the mystery.

推荐答案

实现它并不难.问题在于，计算和存储复杂度与要模拟的量子位数成指数关系.

Implementing it isn't that hard. The problem is that the computational and memory complexity is exponential in the number of quantum bits you want to simulate.

基本上，量子计算机会同时在所有可能的n位状态下运行.那些长得像2 ^ n.

Basically a quantum computer operates on all possible n-bit states at once. And those grow like 2^n.

由于是矩阵，所以运算符的大小增长甚至更快.所以它增长为(2 ^ n)^ 2 = 2 ^(2 * n)= 4 ^ n

The size of an operator grows even faster since it's a matrix. So it grows like (2^n)^2 = 2^(2*n) = 4^n

因此，我希望一台好的计算机能够模拟最多约20位的量子计算机，但这会相当慢.

So I expect a good computer to be able to simulate a quantum computer up to about 20 bits, but it will be rather slow.

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