锈与Serde JSON反序列化示例? [英] Rust & Serde JSON deserialization examples?

问题描述

我试图弄清楚如何使用Serde将JSON反序列化为结构.例如，serde_json的自己的文档上的示例JSON包含以下内容数据:

I'm trying to figure out how to deserialize JSON into a structure using Serde. For instance, the example JSON on serde_json's own documentation contains the following data:

{
    "FirstName": "John",
    "LastName": "Doe",
    "Age": 43,
    "Address": {
        "Street": "Downing Street 10",
        "City": "London",
        "Country": "Great Britain"
    },
    "PhoneNumbers": [
        "[phone]",
        "[phone]"
    ]
}

现在，如果我们假设上面的数据在变量"input"和下面的代码中:

Now, if we assume that the above data is in a variable "input" and the following piece of code:

let deserialized_data: Data = serde_json::from_str(input).unwrap();

...结构Data应该是什么样子?

... what should struct Data look like?

推荐答案

大多数标准数据结构都是可序列化的，因此以下结构应该可以工作:

Most of the standard data structures are serializable, so the following structures should work:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Data {
    FirstName: String,
    LastName: String,
    Age: u32,
    Address: Address,
    PhoneNumbers: Vec<String>
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Address {
    Street: String,
    City: String,
    Country: String
}

如果输入中可能缺少某些字段，则对应的结构字段应为Option<T>而不是T.

If some of the fields in input may be absent, then the corresponding structure fields should be Option<T> instead of just T.

请注意，由于serde支持重命名注释，因此可以使用更鲁棒"的方式来命名字段，即snake_case.

Note that it is possible to name fields in a more "Rusty" manner, i.e. snake_case, because serde supports renaming annotations:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Address {
    #[serde(rename="Street")]
    street: String,
    #[serde(rename="City")]
    city: String,
    #[serde(rename="Country")]
    country: String
}

此问题也与字段重命名有关.

This issue is also relevant to fields renaming.

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