查找字符串中所有在两侧都只有一个括号的子字符串 [英] Find all the substrings in a string that only have a single bracket on both sides

问题描述

我正在尝试查找字符串的所有子字符串，该字符串的两边都只有一个括号.

I'm trying to find all the substrings in a string that only have a single bracket on both sides.

示例:'(pop((hello world))(goodbye(now))(hi)jump)'

我想获得以下列表:['(hi)', '(pop((hello world))(goodbye(now))(hi)jump)'] 因为它们是唯一在两边都带有一个括号的子字符串.

(由于'(now))(hi)jump)'之类的子字符串不完整，因此不算在内).

I would like to get this list: ['(hi)', '(pop((hello world))(goodbye(now))(hi)jump)'] because they are the only substrings that have exactly one bracket on both sides.

(substrings like '(now))(hi)jump)' don't count because they aren't complete).

我的代码在这里:

import re
l = '(M264/M274)+(((551/882)+362/(362/551/882)+889)/((551/882)+362/(362/551/882)+889)+(241/242/275/550/551+882/889/362))'
print(re.findall(r"[^\(.](\([^\(.].*?[^\).]\))[^\).]", l))

将返回:

['(362/551/882)', '(362/551/882)']

我不确定如何使其包含(M264/M274). 请帮助我.

I'm not sure how to make it include (M264/M274). Please assist me.

推荐答案

使用像[^\(.]和[^\).]这样的否定字符类，可以匹配未在字符类中列出的任何字符，并且至少需要一个字符.这部分 .*?可以匹配换行符以外的任何字符，因此也可以匹配括号.

Using a negated character class like [^\(.] and [^\).] match any char that is not listed in the character class and require at least a single char. This part .*? can match any char except a newline, so it can also match parenthesis.

它没有考虑到括号之间的平衡，但是，如果您要像问题中那样匹配(M264/M274)，则可以结合使用环视功能和

It does not take balanced parenthesis into account, but if you want to match (M264/M274) like in your question, you could use lookarounds in combination with a negated character class

(?<!\()\([^()]+\)(?!\))

部分

• (?<!\()负向后看，断言左侧不是(
• \(匹配(
• [^()]+匹配除(或)
以外的任何字符
• \)匹配)
• (?!\))前瞻为负，断言右侧的内容不是`)

• (?<!\() Negative lookbehind, assert what is on the left is not (
• \( Match (
• [^()]+ Match any char except ( or )
• \) Match )
• (?!\)) Negative lookahead, assert what is on the right is not `)

正则表达式演示

如果要匹配2个左括号和右括号，还可以使用环顾四周，请注意，这也没有考虑均衡的括号.

If you want to match 2 opening and closing parenthesis, you can also make use of lookarounds and note that this also does not take balanced parenthesis into account.

(?<!\()\(\((?!\().*?\)\)(?<!\)..)(?!\))

部分(使用相同的机制或环顾四周，仅这次使用.*?

• (?<!\()负向后看，断言左侧不是(
• \(\(匹配((
• (?!\))前瞻为负，断言右侧的内容不是`)
• .*?匹配除换行符0次以上以外的所有字符
• \)\)匹配))
• (?<!\)..)后面是负数，请断言))之前的)
• (?!\))前瞻为负，断言右侧的内容不是`)

• (?<!\() Negative lookbehind, assert what is on the left is not (
• \(\( Match ((
• (?!\)) Negative lookahead, assert what is on the right is not `)
• .*? Match any char except a newline 0+ times
• \)\) Match ))
• (?<!\)..) Negative lookbehind, assert not a ) before ))
• (?!\)) Negative lookahead, assert what is on the right is not `)

正则表达式演示

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