std :: sort与相等的元素给出细分错误 [英] std::sort with equal elements gives Segmentation fault

问题描述

我有一个存储指针的容器.我试图基于指针所指向的相应对象中的数据成员，以不递增的顺序对这些指针进行排序.在我的情况下，该数据成员可能有许多对象具有相同的值.

I have a container storing pointers. I am trying to sort these pointers in non-increasing order based on a data member in the corresponding objects pointed by the pointers. In my case, it is possible that many objects have the same value for that data member.

以下是说明该问题的简短代码.对sort函数的调用给出了细分错误.奇怪的是，如果容器中有16个元素指向具有相同double值的对象，则排序似乎有效.但是，如果我有17个元素指向具有相同值的对象，则会出现段错误.

The following is a short code to illustrate the problem. The call to the sort function is giving a Segmentation fault. The weird thing about this is, if I have 16 elements in the container pointing to objects with same value for the double, the sort seems to work. But if I have 17 elements pointing to objects with same value, it gives a seg fault.

任何人都可以解释为什么会发生这种情况吗?

Can anyone please explain why this happens?

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>

//some class
class A {
public:
    double a;
    A(double aval);
};

A::A(double aval) : a(aval) {}

//compare class
struct cmp_A : std::greater_equal<A*> {
    bool operator() (const A* x, const A* y) const;
} cmp_A_obj;

//greater_equal comparison
bool cmp_A::operator() (const A* x, const A* y) const {
    return (x->a >= y->a);
}

int main() {
    std::deque<A*> Adeque;
    //insert 17 A pointers into the container
    for(int i = 1; i<=17; i++) {
        Adeque.push_back(new A(5));
    }

    //This call to sort gives a Segmentation fault
    std::sort(Adeque.begin(), Adeque.end(), cmp_A_obj);

    for(std::deque<A*>::iterator i = Adeque.begin(); i!= Adeque.end(); i++) {
        std::cout << "|" << (*i)->a;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

推荐答案

您的比较必须实现严格弱排序.小于或等于不满足此要求.对于整数，它应等于在运算符<和>中实现的小于"或大于".

Your comparison must implement a strict weak ordering. Less than or equal does not satisfy this. It should be equivalent to "less than" or "greater than" as implemented in operators < and > for, say, integers.

元素的相等性是通过两次应用此顺序确定的:

Equality of elements is determined by applying this ordering twice:

(!cmp(a,b)) && (!cmp(b,a)); // if this is false, a == b

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