xpath中的dot(.)在标识元素和匹配文本时如何采取多种形式 [英] How does dot(.) in xpath to take multiple form in identifying an element and matching a text
问题描述
我具有以下dom结构:
I have the below dom structure:
<h3 class="popover-title">
<div class="popup-title">
<div class="title-txt">Associated Elements  (5)</div>
</div>
</h3>
我正在尝试编写一个xpath，它将在h3标签下标识标题"Associated Elements".
I am trying to write an xpath which will identify the title "Associated Elements" under h3 tag.
当我的xpath是
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
元素被识别.
但是，当我的xpath是
However when my xpath is
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
该元素未被识别. 根据我的理解，dot(.)可以替代text()，但是为什么当我使用text()函数时它不能识别元素.
the element is not identified. As per my understanding the dot(.) is a replacement for text(), but then why does it not identify the element when I use the text() function.
但是，对于另一个dom结构:
However, for another dom structure:
<h3 class="popover-title">
<a class="btn-popover" href="#">x</a>
"Associated Elements"
</h3>
xpath:
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
&
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
工作正常.
有人可以解释这两种情况下dot(.)的行为吗?
Can someone please explain the behaviour of dot(.) under both these scenarios?
是否有更好的方式编写对两个示例都适用的xpath?请提出建议.
Is there a better way to write an xpath that holds good for both the exmaples? Please suggest.
推荐答案
作为 xpath-1.0 和关联的 XML路径语言(XPath)版本1.0 规范.
As selenium is tagged so this answer would be based on xpath-1.0 and the associated XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0 specifications.
函数 boolean contains(string, string) 返回如果第一个参数字符串包含第二个参数字符串，则为true，否则返回false.例如:
The function boolean contains(string, string) returns true if the first argument string contains the second argument string, and otherwise returns false. As an example:
//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
文本节点
字符数据被分组为文本节点.将尽可能多的字符数据分组到每个文本节点中.文本节点的字符串值是字符数据.文本节点始终至少具有一个字符数据.在下面的示例中，text()选择上下文节点的所有文本节点子代:
Text Nodes
Character data is grouped into text nodes. As much character data as possible is grouped into each text node. The string-value of a text node is the character data. A text node always has at least one character of data. In the below example, text() selects all text node children of the context node:
//h3[text()='Associated Elements']
在您的用例中，HTML内的文本 Associated Elements (5)具有 ，也称为固定的space 或硬空间， NBSP(不间断空格)，用于在一行中创建不能被自动换行打断的空格.在HTML中， 允许您创建多个在网页上可见的空间，不仅在源代码中可见.
In your usecase, within the HTML the text Associated Elements  (5) have which is alternatively referred to as a fixed space or hard space, NBSP (non-breaking space) used in programming to create a space in a line that cannot be broken by word wrap. Within HTML, allows you to create multiple spaces that are visible on a web page and not only in the source code.
您的首次代码试用:
//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
在成功用部分文本 Associated Elements
您的第二个代码试用版，具有:
Your second code trial with:
//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
失败，因为该元素包含更多字符，例如 和文本 Associated Elements .
fails as the element contains some more characters e.g. in addition to the text Associated Elements.
您可以在以下位置找到一些相关的讨论:
You can find a couple of relevant discussions in:
- 如何找到按钮通过Python使用Selenium的元素
- 什么确实在硒中使用的xpath中包含了(.，'some text')
- 获取所有链接时，请忽略循环中的注销链接，并继续在Selenium Java中导航
- How to locate the button element using Selenium through Python
- What does contains(., 'some text') refers to within xpath used in Selenium
- While fetching all links,Ignore logout link from the loop and continue navigation in selenium java
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