xpath中的点(.)如何在识别元素和匹配文本时采用多种形式 [英] How does dot(.) in xpath to take multiple form in identifying an element and matching a text
问题描述
我有以下 dom 结构:
I have the below dom structure:
<h3 class="popover-title">
<div class="popup-title">
<div class="title-txt">Associated Elements  (5)</div>
</div>
</h3>
我正在尝试编写一个 xpath，它将识别 h3 标签下的标题关联元素".
I am trying to write an xpath which will identify the title "Associated Elements" under h3 tag.
当我的 xpath 是
When my xpath is
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
元素已被识别.
但是当我的 xpath 是
However when my xpath is
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
元素未被识别.根据我的理解，dot(.) 是 text() 的替代品，但是为什么当我使用 text() 函数时它不能识别元素.
the element is not identified. As per my understanding the dot(.) is a replacement for text(), but then why does it not identify the element when I use the text() function.
但是，对于另一个 dom 结构:
However, for another dom structure:
<h3 class="popover-title">
<a class="btn-popover" href="#">x</a>
"Associated Elements"
</h3>
xpath:
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
&
//div[contains(@class, popover)]//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
工作正常.
谁能解释一下 dot(.) 在这两种情况下的行为?
Can someone please explain the behaviour of dot(.) under both these scenarios?
有没有更好的方法来编写对两个示例都适用的 xpath?请提出建议.
Is there a better way to write an xpath that holds good for both the exmaples? Please suggest.
推荐答案
As selenium 被标记所以这个答案将基于 xpath-1.0 和相关的 XML路径语言 (XPath) 版本 1.0 规范.
As selenium is tagged so this answer would be based on xpath-1.0 and the associated XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0 specifications.
函数boolean contains(string,string) 如果第一个参数字符串包含第二个参数字符串，则返回 true，否则返回 false.举个例子:
The function boolean contains(string, string) returns true if the first argument string contains the second argument string, and otherwise returns false. As an example:
//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
<小时>
文本节点
字符数据被分组到 文本节点.尽可能多的字符数据被分组到每个文本节点中.文本节点的 string-value 是字符数据.一个文本节点总是至少有一个字符的数据.在下面的示例中，text() 选择上下文节点的所有文本节点子节点:
Text Nodes
Character data is grouped into text nodes. As much character data as possible is grouped into each text node. The string-value of a text node is the character data. A text node always has at least one character of data. In the below example, text() selects all text node children of the context node:
//h3[text()='Associated Elements']
在您的用例中，在 HTML 中，文本 Associated Elements  (5) 具有 或者简称固定空格或硬空格，NBSP(不间断空格)在编程中用来在一行中创建一个空格，不能被自动换行打破.在 HTML 中， 允许您创建多个在网页上可见的空间，而不仅仅是在源代码中.
In your usecase, within the HTML the text Associated Elements  (5) have which is alternatively referred to as a fixed space or hard space, NBSP (non-breaking space) used in programming to create a space in a line that cannot be broken by word wrap. Within HTML, allows you to create multiple spaces that are visible on a web page and not only in the source code.
您的第一次代码试用:
//h3[contains(.,'Associated Elements')]
在元素成功识别部分文本时定位元素关联元素
locates the element as it successfully identifies with partial text Associated Elements
您的第二次代码试用:
//h3[contains(text(),'Associated Elements')]
失败，因为元素包含更多字符，例如 除了文本Associated Elements.
fails as the element contains some more characters e.g. in addition to the text Associated Elements.
您可以在以下位置找到一些相关讨论:
You can find a couple of relevant discussions in:
- 如何定位按钮通过 Python 使用 Selenium 的元素
- 什么确实 contains(., 'some text') 是指在 Selenium 中使用的 xpath 内
- 在获取所有链接时，忽略循环中的注销链接并继续在 selenium java 中导航
这篇关于xpath中的点(.)如何在识别元素和匹配文本时采用多种形式的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
