bash4将文件读入关联数组 [英] bash4 read file into associative array

问题描述

我能够用一条语句将文件读入常规数组:

I am able to read file into a regular array with a single statement:

local -a ary
readarray -t ary < $fileName

没有发生将文件读入assoc的情况.数组.

Not happening is reading a file into assoc. array.

我可以控制文件的创建，因此希望尽可能简单地执行w/o循环.

I have control over file creation and so would like to do as simply as possible w/o loops if possible at all.

因此，可以按照以下方式读取文件内容:

So file content can be following to be read in as:

keyname=valueInfo

但是如果减少了代码，尤其是上面的单行代码，我愿意用另一个字符串替换=.

But I am willing to replace = with another string if cuts down on code, especially in a single line code as above.

那么有可能使用until或from之类的东西将这样的文件读入assoc数组中-即读入assoc数组中直到碰到一个单词，或者我必须做一部分循环?

So would it be possible to read such a file into an assoc array using something like an until or from - i.e. read into an assoc array until it hits a word, or would I have to do this as part of loop?

这将使我可以在同一文件中保留许多相似的值，但可以读取到单独的数组中.

This will allow me to keep a lot of similar values in same file, but read into separate arrays.

我也看过mapfile，但是和readarray一样.

I looked at mapfile as well, but does same as readarray.

我正在创建一个选项列表-从-中进行选择，如下所示:

I am creating an options list - to select from - as below:

local -a arr=("${!1}")
select option in ${arr[*]}; do
    echo ${option}
    break
done

工作正常-但是显示的列表未排序.我想尽可能对它进行排序.

Works fine - however the list shown is not sorted. I would like to have it sorted if possible at all.

希望可以将所有3个问题放到1个中，因为这些问题是相似的-全部在数组上.

Hope it is ok to put all 3 questions into 1 as the questions are similar - all on arrays.

谢谢.

推荐答案

第一件事，关联数组用-A而不是-a声明:

First thing, associative arrays are declared with -A not -a:

local -A ary

如果要在全局范围内声明变量，请在函数外部使用declare:

And if you want to declare a variable on global scope, use declare outside of a function:

declare -A ary

或者如果BASH_VERSION >= 4.2，则使用-g.

如果您的行中确实包含keyname=valueInfo和readarray，则可以这样处理:

If your lines do have keyname=valueInfo, with readarray, you can process it like this:

readarray -t lines < "$fileName"

for line in "${lines[@]}"; do
   key=${line%%=*}
   value=${line#*=}
   ary[$key]=$value  ## Or simply ary[${line%%=*}]=${line#*=}
done

使用while read循环也可以是一种选择:

Using a while read loop can also be an option:

while IFS= read -r line; do
    ary[${line%%=*}]=${line#*=}
done < "$fileName"

或

while IFS== read -r key value; do
    ary[$key]=$value
done < "$fileName"

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