如何使用Python在没有窗口的情况下在屏幕上显示文本 [英] How to display text on the screen without a window using Python

问题描述

我需要在没有窗口的情况下直接将文本写到屏幕上.文本必须显示在所有其他窗口和全屏应用程序上方，并且不得以任何方式单击或交互.

I need to write text directly to the screen without a window. The text needs to appear above all other windows and full-screen applications and should not be clickable or interactable in any way.

示例: 如示例中所示，文本不需要具有透明背景.我可以在Windows 7上使用Python 2或3.

Example: The text doesn't need to have a transparent background as seen in the example. I can use either Python 2 or 3 on Windows 7.

我尝试使用Tkinter制作独立标签:

I tried making a standalone label using Tkinter:

编辑:在Christian Rapp的帮助下进行了改进

Improved with the help of Christian Rapp

import Tkinter
label = Tkinter.Label(text='Text on the screen', font=('Times','30'), fg='black', bg='white')
label.master.overrideredirect(True)
label.master.geometry("+250+250")
label.master.lift()
label.master.wm_attributes("-topmost", True)
label.master.wm_attributes("-disabled", True)
label.master.wm_attributes("-transparentcolor", "white")
label.pack()
label.mainloop()

有效方法:

• 显示的文本没有窗口
• 该文本保留在所有其他窗口之上
• 背景可以是透明的

不:

• 该文本不会显示在全屏应用程序上方
• 文本阻止在其上方发生的点击事件
• 背景透明度不是Alpha，因此边缘很硬

推荐答案

事实证明这里存在两个完全不同的问题.要在窗口上显示文本，您需要创建一个未修饰的最上面的窗口，并按色度键设置背景.但是，当正在运行全屏应用程序(例如游戏)时，此功能将不起作用.在全屏应用程序上显示文本的唯一可靠方法是使用Direct3D挂钩.

It turns out there are two entirely different problems here. To show text over windows, you'll need to create an undecorated topmost window and chroma key the background. However, this won't work when there's a full-screen application running (such as a game). The only reliable way to show text over a full-screen application is to use a Direct3D hook.

我还没有编写Direct3D挂钩示例，但是我将为第一个问题提供两种不同的解决方案.

I haven't written up a Direct3D hook example, but I'll give two different solutions to the first problem.

在此示例中，我使用Tkinter进行大部分工作，并使用win32api防止文本阻止鼠标单击.如果无法使用win32api，则只需删除该部分代码即可.

In this example, I do the majority of the work with Tkinter and use win32api to prevent the text from blocking mouse clicks. If win32api isn't available to you, then you can just remove that part of the code.

import Tkinter, win32api, win32con, pywintypes

label = Tkinter.Label(text='Text on the screen', font=('Times New Roman','80'), fg='black', bg='white')
label.master.overrideredirect(True)
label.master.geometry("+250+250")
label.master.lift()
label.master.wm_attributes("-topmost", True)
label.master.wm_attributes("-disabled", True)
label.master.wm_attributes("-transparentcolor", "white")

hWindow = pywintypes.HANDLE(int(label.master.frame(), 16))
# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff700543(v=vs.85).aspx
# The WS_EX_TRANSPARENT flag makes events (like mouse clicks) fall through the window.
exStyle = win32con.WS_EX_COMPOSITED | win32con.WS_EX_LAYERED | win32con.WS_EX_NOACTIVATE | win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST | win32con.WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
win32api.SetWindowLong(hWindow, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE, exStyle)

label.pack()
label.mainloop()

解决方案2:pywin32

此示例通过pywin32进行了所有操作.这使它更复杂，更不易携带，但功能却大大增强.在整个代码中，我都包含了指向Windows API相关部分的链接.

Solution 2: pywin32

This example does everything through pywin32. This makes it more complicated and less portable, but considerably more powerful. I've included links to the relevant parts of the Windows API throughout the code.

import win32api, win32con, win32gui, win32ui

def main():
    hInstance = win32api.GetModuleHandle()
    className = 'MyWindowClassName'

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633576(v=vs.85).aspx
    # win32gui does not support WNDCLASSEX.
    wndClass                = win32gui.WNDCLASS()
    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff729176(v=vs.85).aspx
    wndClass.style          = win32con.CS_HREDRAW | win32con.CS_VREDRAW
    wndClass.lpfnWndProc    = wndProc
    wndClass.hInstance      = hInstance
    wndClass.hCursor        = win32gui.LoadCursor(None, win32con.IDC_ARROW)
    wndClass.hbrBackground  = win32gui.GetStockObject(win32con.WHITE_BRUSH)
    wndClass.lpszClassName  = className
    # win32gui does not support RegisterClassEx
    wndClassAtom = win32gui.RegisterClass(wndClass)

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff700543(v=vs.85).aspx
    # Consider using: WS_EX_COMPOSITED, WS_EX_LAYERED, WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, WS_EX_TOPMOST, WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
    # The WS_EX_TRANSPARENT flag makes events (like mouse clicks) fall through the window.
    exStyle = win32con.WS_EX_COMPOSITED | win32con.WS_EX_LAYERED | win32con.WS_EX_NOACTIVATE | win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST | win32con.WS_EX_TRANSPARENT

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632600(v=vs.85).aspx
    # Consider using: WS_DISABLED, WS_POPUP, WS_VISIBLE
    style = win32con.WS_DISABLED | win32con.WS_POPUP | win32con.WS_VISIBLE

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms632680(v=vs.85).aspx
    hWindow = win32gui.CreateWindowEx(
        exStyle,
        wndClassAtom,
        None, # WindowName
        style,
        0, # x
        0, # y
        win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSCREEN), # width
        win32api.GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSCREEN), # height
        None, # hWndParent
        None, # hMenu
        hInstance,
        None # lpParam
    )

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633540(v=vs.85).aspx
    win32gui.SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hWindow, 0x00ffffff, 255, win32con.LWA_COLORKEY | win32con.LWA_ALPHA)

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd145167(v=vs.85).aspx
    #win32gui.UpdateWindow(hWindow)

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633545(v=vs.85).aspx
    win32gui.SetWindowPos(hWindow, win32con.HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        win32con.SWP_NOACTIVATE | win32con.SWP_NOMOVE | win32con.SWP_NOSIZE | win32con.SWP_SHOWWINDOW)

    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633548(v=vs.85).aspx
    #win32gui.ShowWindow(hWindow, win32con.SW_SHOW)

    win32gui.PumpMessages()

def wndProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam):
    if message == win32con.WM_PAINT:
        hdc, paintStruct = win32gui.BeginPaint(hWnd)

        dpiScale = win32ui.GetDeviceCaps(hdc, win32con.LOGPIXELSX) / 60.0
        fontSize = 80

        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd145037(v=vs.85).aspx
        lf = win32gui.LOGFONT()
        lf.lfFaceName = "Times New Roman"
        lf.lfHeight = int(round(dpiScale * fontSize))
        #lf.lfWeight = 150
        # Use nonantialiased to remove the white edges around the text.
        # lf.lfQuality = win32con.NONANTIALIASED_QUALITY
        hf = win32gui.CreateFontIndirect(lf)
        win32gui.SelectObject(hdc, hf)

        rect = win32gui.GetClientRect(hWnd)
        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd162498(v=vs.85).aspx
        win32gui.DrawText(
            hdc,
            'Text on the screen',
            -1,
            rect,
            win32con.DT_CENTER | win32con.DT_NOCLIP | win32con.DT_SINGLELINE | win32con.DT_VCENTER
        )
        win32gui.EndPaint(hWnd, paintStruct)
        return 0

    elif message == win32con.WM_DESTROY:
        print 'Closing the window.'
        win32gui.PostQuitMessage(0)
        return 0

    else:
        return win32gui.DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

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