id_rsa.pub文件SSH错误:格式无效 [英] id_rsa.pub file SSH Error: invalid format

问题描述

我的同事和我一直试图让我的Macbook顺利运进我们的AWS生产服务器，这在几个月前确实有效，但是昨天我们去做时-我们一直收到以下错误消息.

My co worker and I have been trying to get my macbook to ssh into our AWS production server with no luck, this did work several months ago, but when we went to do it yesterday - we kept getting the following error message.

(在以下所有部分中，我都用占位符替换了用户名和主机名)

(I have replaced my username and hostname with a placeholder on all below sections)

$ ssh titan-data
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).

相关的配置文件数据

<!-- config file -->
Host titan-data
    HostName my_ip_address
    User user
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
    AddKeysToAgent yes

我已经经历了可以想象的每个步骤，以使其再次正常工作，这些是我按顺序完成的以下步骤:

I have gone through every step imaginable to get it working again, these are the following steps I have done in order:

此步骤重复了几次，在此消除过程中，我将.pub文件重新生成了4次.该错误似乎是本地错误，而不是服务器错误，如果我输入错误，则有人需要纠正我.

this step was repeated several times, I regenerated my .pub file 4 times through out this process of elimination. The error seems to be something local though, not something from the server, someone will need to correct me if I am wrong.

drwx------    6 aronlilland  staff   192B Jan 18 09:41 .ssh/

drwx------    6 aronlilland  staff   192B Jan 18 09:41 ./
drwxr-xr-x+ 104 aronlilland  staff   3.3K Jan 16 16:09 ../
-rw-r--r--    1 aronlilland  staff   114B Jan 18 09:37 config
-rw-------    1 aronlilland  staff   1.7K Jan 18 09:41 id_rsa
-r--------@   1 aronlilland  staff   414B Jan 18 09:41 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--    1 aronlilland  staff   4.6K Jan 18 09:48 known_hosts

这对修复错误消息没有任何影响.

this did not have any effect on fixing the error message.

1. 我生成密钥的第一种方式 如ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[e-mail]" ="noreferrer">用于生成新SSH密钥的github文档
   • 通过我的同事将新的pub文件添加到了服务器，但是没有用.仍然出现相同的错误.

1. first way i generated my keys ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[e-mail]" as suggested in the github documentation for generating a new SSH key
   • added the new pub file to the server through my co worker, did not work. still getting the same error.

• 仍然有相同的错误

第4步)使用自制软件升级了ssh

这是根据此处列出的文档完成的蒂姆·希利亚德

没有做任何事情，只需要再次确认IP地址即可.

did not do anything, just had to confirm the IP address again.

我最近做的一件事，记得在安装过程中看到错误消息，那天晚上我安装了另一个版本的python，所以我的计算机上安装了两个版本的python.我不确定这是否会导致ssh出现任何问题.

One thing I did do recently, and I remember seeing error messages during the installation, was I installed another version of python the other night, so there are two versions of python installed on my computer. Im not sure if this would cause any issues with ssh.

$ python -V
Python 2.7.10
$ python3 -V
Python 3.6.4
$ brew doctor
Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers
with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is
working fine: please don't worry or file an issue; just ignore this. 
Thanks!

Warning: Python is installed at /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework

Homebrew only supports building against the System-provided Python or a
brewed Python. In particular, Pythons installed to /Library can interfere
with other software installs.

编辑2)

在ssh命令中添加了-v，由Alfabravo在注释中建议

Edit 2)

added -v to ssh command, suggested by Alfabravo in comments

aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data -v
OpenSSH_7.6p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2n  7 Dec 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config
debug1: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config line 1: Applying options for titan-data
debug1: Reading configuration data /usr/local/etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Connecting to my_ip_address [my_ip_address] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub type 0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: Authenticating to my_ip_address:22 as 'user'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: [e-mail]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:2l8QDc7x/fyzshKaU32jj9MeFtMAccu25MZBFNQuStQ
debug1: Host 'my_ip_address' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/known_hosts:19
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).
aronlilland:.ssh$ 

编辑3)

检查.pub文件是否为有效格式

Edit 3)

Checked to see if the .pub file is a valid format

aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -l -f id_rsa.pub
2048 SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 [e-mail] (RSA)
aronlilland:.ssh$ touch foo.txt
aronlilland:.ssh$ ls
config       foo.txt      id_rsa       id_rsa.pub   known_hosts
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -l -f foo.txt
foo.txt is not a public key file.

编辑4)

确认我的id_rsa密钥和id_rsa.pub正确(我将ssh-rsa密钥的末尾切掉，没有理由将其包含在网络上)

Edit 4)

Confirming that my id_rsa key and id_rsa.pub validate (I chopped off the end of my ssh-rsa key, there's no reason to include it on the web)

aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh-keygen -y -f id_rsa
Enter passphrase: 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQA .......

确认许可权，即更新文件许可权不会更改访问权限(为确保安全，我尝试了0444、444、0644、644)

Confirming permissions that updating file permissions did not change access (I tried 0444, 444, 0644, 644 just to be sure)

aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 0444 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0444 for '/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": bad permissions
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).

和另一个

aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 0644 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0644 for '/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": bad permissions
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).

将其设置回chmod 400 id_rsa.pub

运行-vv

aronlilland:.ssh$ chmod 400 id_rsa.pub
aronlilland:.ssh$ ssh titan-data -vv
OpenSSH_7.6p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2n  7 Dec 2017
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config
debug1: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/config line 1: Applying options for titan-data
debug1: Reading configuration data /usr/local/etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug2: resolving "my_ip_address" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to my_ip_address [my_ip_address] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub type 0
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.6
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.2 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to my_ip_address:22 as 'user'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,[e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,[e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,[e-mail],zlib
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: [e-mail],ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: ciphers stoc: [e-mail],aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,[e-mail],[e-mail]
debug2: MACs ctos: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: [e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,[e-mail]
debug2: compression stoc: none,[e-mail]
debug2: languages ctos: 
debug2: languages stoc: 
debug2: first_kex_follows 0 
debug2: reserved 0 
debug1: kex: algorithm: [e-mail]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [e-mail] MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:2l8QDc7x/fyzshKaU32jj9MeFtMAccu25MZBFNQuStQ
debug1: Host 'my_ip_address' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/known_hosts:19
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug2: key: /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub (0x7fe9ff41c510), explicit
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering public key: RSA SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8 /Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg rsa-sha2-512 blen 279
debug2: input_userauth_pk_ok: fp SHA256:MuOjm+6gAzaxGr/n/If4LVjk/0H5/VT6zvib9/9C7c8
Load key "/Users/aronlilland/.ssh/id_rsa.pub": invalid format
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
user@my_ip_address: Permission denied (publickey).

推荐答案

IdentityFile配置参数应指向私有密钥，SSH客户端使用该私有密钥向远程服务器证明其身份. (然后，远程服务器应在其authorized_keys文件或等效位置中安装id_rsa.pub的内容.)

The IdentityFile configuration parameter should be pointed at the private key which the SSH client uses to prove its identity to the remote server. (The remote server, then, should have the contents of id_rsa.pub installed in its authorized_keys file, or an equivalent location).

您应该将路径设置为id_rsa，而不是不是 id_rsa.pub，作为~/.ssh/config中IdentityFile的参数.

You should be putting the path to id_rsa, not id_rsa.pub, as an argument to IdentityFile in your ~/.ssh/config.

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