为什么Meltdown和Spectre错误这么长时间没有被发现? [英] Why did Meltdown and Spectre bugs go undiscovered for so long?

问题描述

为什么Meltdown和Spectre错误长时间未被发现?

Why did Meltdown and Spectre bugs go undiscovered for so long?

将近20年来，这些错误一直存在于CPU中，为什么考虑到对使用这些处理器的所有计算机的严重影响，为什么不早发现这些错误?

Nearly 20 years these bugs have been present in the CPU's why wasn't this discovered sooner given the serious implications for all computers using these processors?

推荐答案

答案很简单:现代CPU的晶体管数以十亿计.例如，最新的英特尔Skylake架构大约有20亿个.每个晶体管的状态可能会影响其他晶体管的状态(即那些晶体管以某种方式连接).

The answer is quite simple: modern CPUs have few billions transistors. For example, the latest Intel Skylake architecture has ~2 billion. Each transistor might have a state which influence the state of other transistors (i.e. those transistors are connected somehow).

从根本上讲，这意味着现代CPU可能有许多可能的排列或状态，我们根本无法在一生中进行测试.因此，我们(或更确切地说，生产者)仅在某些情况下测试某些状态，从而为危险的极端情况留出了潜在的空间.

Basically, this means there is so many possible permutations or states of the modern CPUs, we simply are not able to test in a lifetime. So we (or rather producer) test just some of the states and in some scenarios, leaving a potential room for dangerous corner cases.

Spectre和Meltdowns都是未经测试的极端情况，但是由于现代CPU的复杂性，可能还有更多.

Spectre and Meltdowns are such untested corner cases, but there might be much more there due to complexity of the modern CPUs.

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