在python脚本中使用conda安装 [英] Using conda install within a python script

问题描述

根据此 answer 您可以导入从Python脚本中点入并使用它来安装模块.可以用conda install来做到这一点吗?

According to this answer you can import pip from within a Python script and use it to install a module. Is it possible to do this with conda install?

conda文档仅显示了命令行示例，但我正在寻找可以在Python脚本中执行的代码.

The conda documentation only shows examples from the command line but I'm looking for code that can be executed from within a Python script.

是的，我可以在脚本中执行shell命令，但是我试图避免这种情况，因为它基本上是假设无法导入conda并调用其函数.

Yes, I could execute shell commands from within the script but I am trying to avoid this as it is basically assuming that conda cannot be imported and its functions called.

推荐答案

我正在查看最新的 Conda Python API ，并注意到实际上只有两个具有非常长期稳定性"的公共模块:

I was looking at the latest Conda Python API and noticed that there are actually only 2 public modules with “very long-term stability”:

1. conda.cli.python_api
2. conda.api

1. conda.cli.python_api
2. conda.api

对于您的问题，我会处理第一个问题:

For your question, I would work with the first:

注意:下面的run_command()将始终 添加-y/--yes选项(即它不会要求确认 )

NOTE: run_command() below will always add a -y/--yes option (i.e. it will not ask for confirmation)

import conda.cli.python_api as Conda
import sys

###################################################################################################
# The below is roughly equivalent to:
#   conda install -y 'args-go-here' 'no-whitespace-splitting-occurs' 'square-brackets-optional'

(stdout_str, stderr_str, return_code_int) = Conda.run_command(
    Conda.Commands.INSTALL, # alternatively, you can just say "install"
                            # ...it's probably safer long-term to use the Commands class though
                            # Commands include:
                            #  CLEAN,CONFIG,CREATE,INFO,INSTALL,HELP,LIST,REMOVE,SEARCH,UPDATE,RUN
    [ 'args-go-here', 'no-whitespace-splitting-occurs', 'square-brackets-optional' ],
    use_exception_handler=True,  # Defaults to False, use that if you want to handle your own exceptions
    stdout=sys.stdout, # Defaults to being returned as a str (stdout_str)
    stderr=sys.stderr, # Also defaults to being returned as str (stderr_str)
    search_path=Conda.SEARCH_PATH  # this is the default; adding only for illustrative purposes
)
###################################################################################################

---

使用上述内容的好处是，它可以解决使用conda.cli.main()时出现的问题(在上面的注释中提到):

---

The nice thing about using the above is that it solves a problem that occurs (mentioned in the comments above) when using conda.cli.main():

... conda试图解释comand行参数而不是conda.cli.main()的参数，因此像这样使用conda.cli.main()可能在某些情况下不起作用.

...conda tried to interpret the comand line arguments instead of the arguments of conda.cli.main(), so using conda.cli.main() like this might not work for some things.

---

上面评论中的另一个问题是:

---

The other question in the comments above was:

当频道不是默认频道时如何[安装软件包]?

How [to install a package] when the channel is not the default?

import conda.cli.python_api as Conda
import sys

###################################################################################################
# Either:
#   conda install -y -c <CHANNEL> <PACKAGE>
# Or (>= conda 4.6)
#   conda install -y <CHANNEL>::<PACKAGE>

(stdout_str, stderr_str, return_code_int) = Conda.run_command(
    Conda.Commands.INSTALL,
    '-c', '<CHANNEL>',
    '<PACKAGE>'
    use_exception_handler=True, stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr
)
###################################################################################################

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