如何用conda解决不可写路径的问题? [英] How does one fix the issue of not writable paths with conda?

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问题描述

为什么使用conda时通常会出现以下错误(通常是在安装软件包或制作新的env时)以及如何解决它:

Why do I see the following error when using conda (usually when installing packages or making new envs) and how do I fix it:

Verifying transaction: | WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(963): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt

或

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: - WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(963): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt

done
Executing transaction: - WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(52): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/miniconda3/envs/myenv
  registry file: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt
done

可以在以下gitissue上找到有关我所做工作的详细概述:

a detailed outline of what I did can be found on the following gitissue:

https://github.com/conda/conda/issues/7267

除了从头开始重新安装conda并运行以下命令外，这真的没什么花哨的:

which really isn't anything too fancy except re-install conda from scratch and run the following command:

bash Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh

它安装了此版本的conda:

and it installed this version of conda:

❯ conda -V
conda 4.7.12

引起警告的命令示例:

conda create -n myenv python=3.6

使用conda安装软件包时出现更多错误:

More errors when I install packages with conda:

Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/miniconda3/envs/automl

  added / updated specs:
    - jupyterlab


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    jupyter_client-5.3.4       |           py37_0         131 KB  conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:         131 KB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  appnope            conda-forge/osx-64::appnope-0.1.0-py37_1000
  attrs              conda-forge/noarch::attrs-19.3.0-py_0
  backcall           conda-forge/noarch::backcall-0.1.0-py_0
  bleach             conda-forge/noarch::bleach-3.1.0-py_0
  decorator          conda-forge/noarch::decorator-4.4.1-py_0
  defusedxml         conda-forge/noarch::defusedxml-0.6.0-py_0
  entrypoints        conda-forge/osx-64::entrypoints-0.3-py37_1000
  importlib_metadata conda-forge/osx-64::importlib_metadata-1.3.0-py37_0
  ipykernel          conda-forge/osx-64::ipykernel-5.1.3-py37h5ca1d4c_0
  ipython            conda-forge/osx-64::ipython-7.11.1-py37h5ca1d4c_0
  ipython_genutils   conda-forge/noarch::ipython_genutils-0.2.0-py_1
  jedi               conda-forge/osx-64::jedi-0.15.2-py37_0
  jinja2             conda-forge/noarch::jinja2-2.10.3-py_0
  json5              conda-forge/noarch::json5-0.8.5-py_0
  jsonschema         conda-forge/osx-64::jsonschema-3.2.0-py37_0
  jupyter_client     conda-forge/osx-64::jupyter_client-5.3.4-py37_0
  jupyter_core       conda-forge/osx-64::jupyter_core-4.6.1-py37_0
  jupyterlab         conda-forge/noarch::jupyterlab-1.2.4-py_0
  jupyterlab_server  conda-forge/noarch::jupyterlab_server-1.0.6-py_0
  libsodium          conda-forge/osx-64::libsodium-1.0.17-h01d97ff_0
  markupsafe         conda-forge/osx-64::markupsafe-1.1.1-py37h0b31af3_0
  mistune            conda-forge/osx-64::mistune-0.8.4-py37h0b31af3_1000
  more-itertools     conda-forge/noarch::more-itertools-8.0.2-py_0
  nbconvert          conda-forge/osx-64::nbconvert-5.6.1-py37_0
  nbformat           conda-forge/noarch::nbformat-5.0.3-py_0
  notebook           conda-forge/osx-64::notebook-6.0.1-py37_0
  pandoc             conda-forge/osx-64::pandoc-2.9.1.1-0
  pandocfilters      conda-forge/noarch::pandocfilters-1.4.2-py_1
  parso              conda-forge/noarch::parso-0.5.2-py_0
  pexpect            conda-forge/osx-64::pexpect-4.7.0-py37_0
  pickleshare        conda-forge/osx-64::pickleshare-0.7.5-py37_1000
  prometheus_client  conda-forge/noarch::prometheus_client-0.7.1-py_0
  prompt_toolkit     conda-forge/noarch::prompt_toolkit-3.0.2-py_0
  ptyprocess         conda-forge/noarch::ptyprocess-0.6.0-py_1001
  pygments           conda-forge/noarch::pygments-2.5.2-py_0
  pyrsistent         conda-forge/osx-64::pyrsistent-0.15.7-py37h0b31af3_0
  python-dateutil    conda-forge/noarch::python-dateutil-2.8.1-py_0
  pyzmq              pkgs/main/osx-64::pyzmq-18.1.0-py37h0a44026_0
  send2trash         conda-forge/noarch::send2trash-1.5.0-py_0
  terminado          conda-forge/osx-64::terminado-0.8.3-py37_0
  testpath           conda-forge/noarch::testpath-0.4.4-py_0
  tornado            conda-forge/osx-64::tornado-6.0.3-py37h0b31af3_0
  traitlets          conda-forge/osx-64::traitlets-4.3.3-py37_0
  wcwidth            conda-forge/noarch::wcwidth-0.1.8-py_0
  webencodings       conda-forge/noarch::webencodings-0.5.1-py_1
  zeromq             conda-forge/osx-64::zeromq-4.3.2-h6de7cb9_2
  zipp               conda-forge/noarch::zipp-0.6.0-py_0

The following packages will be UPDATED:

  ca-certificates    pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2019.11.27~ --> conda-forge::ca-certificates-2019.11.28-hecc5488_0

The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:

  certifi                                         pkgs/main --> conda-forge
  openssl              pkgs/main::openssl-1.1.1d-h1de35cc_3 --> conda-forge::openssl-1.1.1d-h0b31af3_0



Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages
jupyter_client-5.3.4 | 131 KB    | ################################################################################################################################################################# | 100%
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: | WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(963): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt

done
Executing transaction: - WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(52): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/miniconda3/envs/automl
  registry file: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt
done

我运行的

命令:

command that I ran:

(automl) brandomiranda~/automl-meta-learning ❯ conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab

我尝试根据建议的答案更改权限，但似乎没有sudo无法正常工作.在这里做sudo真的安全吗?为什么它不能写给正确的用户集?

I tried changing the permission according to the suggested answers, BUT it seems it won't work without sudo. Is it really safe to do sudo here? why isn't it writable to the correct set of users already?

(automl) brandomiranda~/.conda ❯ if [ -w "/Users/brandomiranda/.conda" ]; then echo "WRITABLE"; else echo "NOT WRITABLE"; fi
NOT WRITABLE
(automl) brandomiranda~/.conda ❯ chmod 775 /Users/brandomiranda/.conda
chmod: Unable to change file mode on /Users/brandomiranda/.conda: Operation not permitted

运行建议的答案后更新

我已经在sudo中运行了chmod命令.我检查了该文件的权限，然后得到以下信息:

Update after running suggested answers

I've ran the chmod command in sudo. I checked the permissions of that file and I got the following:

(automl-meta-learning) brandomiranda~/automl-meta-learning/automl/automl ❯ ls -lha /Users/brandomiranda/.conda                                                        
total 8
drwxrwxr-x    3 root           staff    96B Jan  5 16:57 .
drwxr-xr-x+ 117 brandomiranda  staff   3.7K Jan 19 17:25 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 root           staff    32B Jan  5 16:57 environments.txt

我检查了此内容是因为我尝试使用conda install conda-build命令安装conda-build，但最终出现了错误:

I checked this because I tried to install conda-build with conda install conda-build command but got the error towards the end:

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: \ WARNING conda.core.path_actions:verify(963): Unable to create environments file. Path not writable.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       done
Executing transaction: \ WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(52): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
  environment location: /Users/brandomiranda/miniconda3/envs/automl-meta-learning
  registry file: /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt                                                                                                                                                                                                          done

看起来很奇怪，而且当我注意到environment.txt与其他文件/目录没有相同的权限时.我也很想对该文件进行chmod修改，但是所有这些工作似乎都在解决这个问题.我觉得这本来不应该发生的，所以我会问:

which seemed weird and that when I notice the environment.txt didn't have the same permissions as the other file/directories. I am tempted to chmod that file too but all this business seems to be putting a bandage on the problem. I feel this shouldn't have happened in the first place so I will ask:

  • 我们如何正确解决此问题?
  • 应该如何安装conda(在使用zsh的Mac版新Catalina OS中)?
  • 不管什么，/Users/brandomiranda/.conda conda文件夹的权限应该是什么?所有文件夹/文件都应具有相同的权限吗?
  • How do we fix this properly?
  • How is one suppose to install conda (in the new Catalina OS for Mac using zsh)?
  • Regardless of anything, what are the permissions of the /Users/brandomiranda/.conda conda folder suppose to be and should all folders/files have the same permissions?

现在我将运行:

sudo chmod 775 /Users/brandomiranda/.conda/environments.txt

尽管如此，我不得不为与conda相关的内容运行sudo而使我感到不安.有人知道如何在不使用sudo的情况下执行此操作吗?还是应该使用sudo?

although, it makes me uneasy that I am having to run sudo for conda related stuff. Anyone know how to do this without requiring sudo or is sudo supposed to be required?

作为附带的评论，我很高兴从未尝试使用sudo从conda安装任何内容，而只是更改了一些文件夹/文件的权限.这似乎比允许conda在sudo中运行任意代码安全得多(相反，这里它可以在不以sudo运行时将其内容运行到特定位置，所以我想更改文件夹权限还不错吗?).

As a side comment, I am glad I never tried installing anything from conda using sudo and only changed the permissions of a few folders/files. That seems much safer than allowing conda to run arbitrary code in sudo (instead here it can run its stuff to a specific location while NOT running in sudo, so I guess changing folder permissions isn't that bad?).

推荐答案

参考: https://gist .github.com/zoka123/f2b03f19924258d28441fe2d88750145

检查路径是否可写:

if [ -w "./.conda" ]; then echo "WRITABLE"; else echo "NOT WRITABLE"; fi

如果它不可写，则将可写性更改为任何人:

if it is not writable, change writability to anybody:

chmod 775 ./.conda

如果您对现有文件权限感到好奇:

If you are curious of existing file permission:

ls -lha输出当前位置的访问权限集，其中d是指当前目录. 例如:drwxr-xr-x:

ls -lha outputs the set of access right of current locations, where d refers to current directory. Eg: drwxr-xr-x :

每个数字分别代表用户，组和全局的权限.对于以上示例， rwx表示当前用户可以读取，写入和执行； r-x对于组和全局而言，这意味着它们只能读取和执行.

each digit refers to right for User, Group and Global respectively. For the above example, rwx means current user can read,write and execute; r-x for both group and global, which means they can read and execute only.

chmod与3位数字命令一起使用，对于上述三种类型的身份，每个数字均指的是read, write, execute访问的一种组合.

chmod is used with a 3-digit commands, each digit refers to one combination of the read, write, execute access for the above three types of identity.

755对于当前用户表示rwx，对于组和全局表示r-x.

755 means rwx for current user, and r-x for Group and Global.

您可以参考 https://www.linode.com/docs/tools-reference/tools/modify-file-permissions-with-chmod/供参考.

这篇关于如何用conda解决不可写路径的问题?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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