我们如何引用主Android项目目录之外的自定义Android和Java库? [英] How do we reference custom Android and Java Libraries living outside the directory of our Main Android Project?

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问题描述

用于引用库的常规设置是将Android Studio 导入库放入我们主项目的根目录中.这并不是我们真正想要的，因为库的本质好处是要在许多项目之间共享它.如果我们在导入的库中更新代码，那么这将不会反映在先前导入到另一个项目中的库的代码中.

The conventional setup for referencing libraries has Android Studio import the libraries into the root directory of our main project. That's not really what we want as the essential benefit of a library is so that it is shared between many projects. If we update code in an imported library, that's not going to be reflected in the code of a library previously imported to another project.

相反，我们的目标是创建一个Main Android项目，该项目可以引用存在于Android项目目录之外的自定义(您创建的)Android和Java库模块，并能够编辑来自以下位置的所有三个模块的代码在Android主项目中.也就是说，我们最终会得到:

Our goal, instead, is to create a Main Android project that can reference custom (that you create) Android and Java library modules that exist outside the directory of the Android project, with the ability to edit code of all three modules from within the Main Android project. That is, we want to end up with:

属于我们的Android主项目的根模块(应用")；
一个Android库模块，该模块位于Android项目目录之外，但由我们的Main Android项目引用.
一个Java库模块，存在于Android项目目录之外，但被我们的Android主项目引用.

...例如，所以我们有一个类似于...

... for example, so we have a directory structure like ...

..\LibraryRefDemo\MyMainProject
..\LibraryRefDemo\Libraries\MyAndroidLibrary
..\LibraryRefDemo\Libraries\MyJavaLibrary

标题问题询问，换句话说，我们如何做到这一点?".

The headline question asks, in other words, "How do we do this?".

存在类似的stackoverflow问题，例如...

There are existing similar stackoverflow questions, for example ...

Android studio add external project to build.gradle
How to share a single library source across multiple projects

但是我发现这些问题和答案都只能部分解决我在此处提出的问题.

But I've found both those questions and the answers only partially address the issue I present here.

我将提供我自己的问题的答案，我相信，它列举了所有的窍门和陷阱，并提供了逐步的过程.

I'm going to provide the answer to my own question which, I believe, enumerates all the tricks and gotchas and provides a step by step procedure.

我将使用Android Studio 3.0.1 ...

I'll be using Android Studio 3.0.1 ...

// (package name for MyMainProject's root module: "app")
au.com.example.mymainproject

// (package name for MyAndroidLibrary's root module: "malmodule")
au.com.example.malmodule

// (package name for MyJavaLibrary' module where we placed our 
// java code to be shared: "mjlmodule")
au.com.example.mjlmodule

模块名称:小写.以下之一:

Module name: lowercase. One of the following:

app (MyMainProject's root module)
malmodule (MyAndroidLibrary's root module)
mjlmodule (The MyJavaLibrary's module where we placed our java code to be
  shared. The MyJavaModule will also contain a root "app" module 
  for reasons of gradle integration)

基本技巧

以下基本技巧以及后续的分步过程是针对Android Studio 3.0.1的最新版本(截至2018年3月10日). 在执行分步过程之前，完成此工作的基本技巧是:

Basic tricks

The following basic tricks, and the subsequent step-by-step procedures, are current as of 2018-03-10 for Android Studio 3.0.1. Before going through the step-by-step procedures, the basic tricks to make this work are:

使用Android Studio而不是另一个IDE(例如IDEA IntelliJ)来创建MyMainProject，MyAndroidLibrary和MyJavaLibrary.设置基本框架后，可以从任何现有项目中复制代码和资源(例如，使用Windows资源管理器).
在Android主项目("MyMainProject")settings.gradle (Project Settings)中，我们使用以下内容引用库模块(而不是类似的库项目):

Use Android Studio, rather than another IDE (like IDEA IntelliJ), for creating MyMainProject, MyAndroidLibrary and MyJavaLibrary. Code and resources can be copied (e.g. using Windows Explorer) from any existing projects once the basic framework has been setup.
In the Main Android Project ("MyMainProject") settings.gradle (Project Settings), we reference Library modules (rather than Library Projects as such) using something like the following:

include ':app'

include ':malmodule'
// Despite the name "project" we actually need to reference the module directory
// of a project. It doesn't matter whether there is a trailing slash '/' or not.
project(':malmodule').projectDir =
        new File(settingsDir, '../Libraries/MyAndroidLibrary/malmodule/')

include ':mjlmodule'
// Despite the name "project" we actually need to reference the module directory
// of a project. It doesn't matter whether there is a trailing slash '/' or not.
project(':mjlmodule').projectDir =
        new File(settingsDir, '../Libraries/MyJavaLibrary/mjlmodule/')

在Android项目("MyMainProject")根模块的build.gradle文件中，默认情况下build.gradle (Module: app)，添加:

In the Android Project ("MyMainProject") root module's build.gradle file, by default build.gradle (Module: app), add:

dependencies {
    ...
    // Reference module rather than project.
    implementation project(':malmodule')
    implementation project(':mjlmodule')
    ...
}

创建MyJavaLibrary时，请使用独立安装的JDK，而不要使用Android的Embedded JDK:
- 文件>项目结构> | SDK位置| > JDK位置:
  - 使用嵌入式JDK(推荐)":未选中.
  - C:\ Program Files \ Java \ jdk1.8.0_161
  - When creating MyJavaLibrary use an independently installed JDK, not Android's Embedded JDK:
    - File > Project Structure > |SDK Location| > JDK location:
      - "Use embedded JDK (recommended)": unticked.
      - C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_161
      - res/values/strings.xml.添加字符串资源.
      - res/values/strings.xml. Add string resource.
        
        <string name="mymainproject_cool_string">From My Main Project</string>
      - au.com.example.mymainproject.MainActivity.来自Java代码的参考字符串资源.
      - au.com.example.mymainproject.MainActivity. Reference string rescource from java code.
        
        public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.mymainproject_output); String someString = getResources().getString(R.string.mymainproject_cool_string) + "\r\n"; textView.setText(someString); } }
        
        要正确导入引用的类，您可能必须:将光标插入到TextView上； alt +输入；
        
        To properly import the referenced classes you may have to: insert your cursor over a TextView; alt+ enter;
        
        在模拟器上运行以确认OK:运行>运行应用程序(Shift + F10)...选择部署目标">(单击所需的可用虚拟设备)> [确定].
        
        Run against the emulator to verify OK: Run > Run app (Shift+F10)... "Select Deployment Target" > (Click on your desired Available Virtual Device) > [OK].
        
        等待gradle完成构建.观察您的应用程序中的字符串:
        
        Wait for gradle to finish building. Observe the string in your application:
        
        From My Main Project

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我们如何引用主Android项目目录之外的自定义Android和Java库? [英] How do we reference custom Android and Java Libraries living outside the directory of our Main Android Project?

问题描述

推荐答案

目录

Table of Contents

基本技巧

Basic tricks

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我们如何引用主Android项目目录之外的自定义Android和Java库? [英] How do we reference custom Android and Java Libraries living outside the directory of our Main Android Project?

问题描述

推荐答案

目录

Table of Contents

基本技巧

Basic tricks

相关文章

移动开发最新文章

热门教程

热门工具

登录 关闭

登录关闭