为什么ANTLR生成的解析器会重用上下文对象? [英] Why does parser generated by ANTLR reuse context objects?
问题描述
我正在尝试使用ANTLR为一种简单的编程语言创建解释器. 我想添加递归功能.
到目前为止，我已经实现了定义和调用函数，并且可以选择使用多个return语句以及局部变量.为了获得局部变量，我用一个字典扩展了FunctionCallContext的解析器子类.我可以成功使用它们一次.同样，当我再次从自身本身(递归地)调用相同的函数时，解析器会为新函数调用创建一个新的上下文对象，这与我期望的一样.
但是，如果创建更深层次"的递归，则函数调用的第三个上下文将与第二个上下文完全相同(具有相同的哈希码和相同的局部变量).
我的(更新的)语法:
grammar BatshG;
/*
* Parser Rules
*/
compileUnit: ( (statement) | functionDef)+;
statement: print ';'
| println ';'
| assignment ';'
| loopWhile
| branch
| returnStatement ';'
| functionCall ';'
;
branch:
'if' '(' condition=booleanexpression ')'
trueBranch=block
('else' falseBranch=block)?;
loopWhile:
'while' '(' condition=booleanexpression ')'
whileBody=block
;
block:
statement
| '{' statement* '}';
numericexpression:
MINUS onepart=numericexpression #UnaryMinus
| left=numericexpression op=('*'|'/') right=numericexpression #MultOrDiv
| left=numericexpression op=('+'|'-') right=numericexpression #PlusOrMinus
| number=NUMERIC #Number
| variableD #NumVariable
;
stringexpression:
left=stringexpression PLUSPLUS right=stringexpression #Concat
| string=STRING #String
| variableD #StrVariable
| numericexpression #NumberToString
;
booleanexpression:
left=numericexpression relationalOperator=('<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '==' | '!=' ) right=numericexpression #RelationalOperation
| booleanliteral #Boolean
| numericexpression #NumberToBoolean
;
booleanliteral: trueConst | falseConst ;
trueConst : 'true' ;
falseConst : 'false' ;
assignment : varName=IDENTIFIER EQUAL right=expression;
expression: numericexpression | stringexpression | functionCall | booleanexpression;
println: 'println' '(' argument=expression ')';
print: 'print' '(' argument=expression ')';
functionDef: 'function' funcName= IDENTIFIER
'('
(functionParameters=parameterList)?
')'
'{'
statements=statementPart?
'}'
;
statementPart: statement* ;
returnStatement: ('return' returnValue=expression );
parameterList : paramName=IDENTIFIER (',' paramName=IDENTIFIER)*;
functionCall: funcName=IDENTIFIER '('
(functionArguments=argumentList)?
')';
argumentList: expression (',' expression)*;
variableD: varName=IDENTIFIER;
///*
// * Lexer Rules
// */
NUMERIC: (FLOAT | INTEGER);
PLUSPLUS: '++';
MINUS: '-';
IDENTIFIER: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* ;
EQUAL : '=' ;
STRING : '"' (~["\r\n] | '""')* '"' ;
INTEGER: [0-9] [0-9]*;
DIGIT : [0-9] ;
FRAC : '.' DIGIT+ ;
EXP : [eE] [-+]? DIGIT+ ;
FLOAT : DIGIT* FRAC EXP? ;
WS: [ \n\t\r]+ -> channel(HIDDEN);
///*
// * Lexer Rules
// */
NUMERIC: (FLOAT | INTEGER);
PLUSPLUS: '++';
MINUS: '-';
IDENTIFIER: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* ;
EQUAL : '=' ;
STRING : '"' (~["\r\n] | '""')* '"' ;
INTEGER: [0-9] [0-9]*;
DIGIT : [0-9] ;
FRAC : '.' DIGIT+ ;
EXP : [eE] [-+]? DIGIT+ ;
FLOAT : DIGIT* FRAC EXP? ;
WS: [ \n\t\r]+ -> channel(HIDDEN);
我编写的解析器局部类(不是生成的部分):
public partial class BatshGParser
{
//"extensions" for contexts:
public partial class FunctionCallContext
{
private Dictionary<string, object> localVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
private bool isFunctionReturning;
public FunctionCallContext()
{
localVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
isFunctionReturning = false;
}
public Dictionary<string, object> LocalVariables { get => localVariables; set => localVariables = value; }
public bool IsFunctionReturning { get => isFunctionReturning; set => isFunctionReturning = value; }
}
public partial class FunctionDefContext
{
private List<string> parameterNames;
public FunctionDefContext()
{
parameterNames = new List<string>();
}
public List<string> ParameterNames { get => parameterNames; set => parameterNames = value; }
}
}
访问者的相关部分(可能还有更多):
public class BatshGVisitor : BatshGBaseVisitor<ResultValue>
{
public ResultValue Result { get; set; }
public StringBuilder OutputForPrint { get; set; }
private Dictionary<string, object> globalVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
//string = function name
//object = parameter list
//object = return value
private Dictionary<string, Func<List<object>, object>> globalFunctions = new Dictionary<string, Func<List<object>, object>>();
private Stack<BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext> actualFunctions = new Stack<BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext>();
public override ResultValue VisitCompileUnit([NotNull] BatshGParser.CompileUnitContext context)
{
OutputForPrint = new StringBuilder("");
isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions = true;
var resultvalue = VisitChildren(context);
isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions = false;
resultvalue = VisitChildren(context);
Result = new ResultValue() { ExpType = "string", ExpValue = resultvalue.ExpValue ?? null };
return Result;
}
public override ResultValue VisitChildren([NotNull] IRuleNode node)
{
if (this.isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
{
for (int i = 0; i < node.ChildCount; i++)
{
if (node.GetChild(i) is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
Visit(node.GetChild(i));
}
}
}
return base.VisitChildren(node);
}
protected override bool ShouldVisitNextChild([NotNull] IRuleNode node, ResultValue currentResult)
{
if (isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
{
if (node is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
else
{
if (node is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
return false;
}
else
return base.ShouldVisitNextChild(node, currentResult);
}
}
public override ResultValue VisitFunctionDef([NotNull] BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext context)
{
string functionName = null;
functionName = context.funcName.Text;
if (context.functionParameters != null)
{
List<string> plist = CollectParamNames(context.functionParameters);
context.ParameterNames = plist;
}
if (isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
globalFunctions.Add(functionName,
(
delegate(List<object> args)
{
var currentMethod = (args[0] as BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext);
this.actualFunctions.Push(currentMethod);
//args[0] is the context
for (int i = 1; i < args.Count; i++)
{
currentMethod.LocalVariables.Add(context.ParameterNames[i - 1],
(args[i] as ResultValue).ExpValue
);
}
ResultValue retval = null;
retval = this.VisitStatementPart(context.statements);
this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning = false;
actualFunctions.Pop();
return retval;
}
)
);
return new ResultValue()
{
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitStatementPart([NotNull] BatshGParser.StatementPartContext context)
{
if (!this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning)
{
return VisitChildren(context);
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
public override ResultValue VisitReturnStatement([NotNull] BatshGParser.ReturnStatementContext context)
{
this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning = true;
ResultValue retval = null;
if (context.returnValue != null)
{
retval = Visit(context.returnValue);
}
return retval;
}
public override ResultValue VisitArgumentList([NotNull] BatshGParser.ArgumentListContext context)
{
List<ResultValue> argumentList = new List<ResultValue>();
foreach (var item in context.children)
{
var tt = item.GetText();
if (item.GetText() != ",")
{
ResultValue rv = Visit(item);
argumentList.Add(rv);
}
}
return
new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = "list",
ExpValue = argumentList ?? null
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitFunctionCall([NotNull] BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext context)
{
string functionName = context.funcName.Text;
int hashcodeOfContext = context.GetHashCode();
object functRetVal = null;
List<object> argumentList = new List<object>()
{
context
//here come the actual parameters later
};
ResultValue argObjects = null;
if (context.functionArguments != null)
{
argObjects = VisitArgumentList(context.functionArguments);
}
if (argObjects != null )
{
if (argObjects.ExpValue is List<ResultValue>)
{
var argresults = (argObjects.ExpValue as List<ResultValue>) ?? null;
foreach (var arg in argresults)
{
argumentList.Add(arg);
}
}
}
if (globalFunctions.ContainsKey(functionName))
{
{
functRetVal = globalFunctions[functionName]( argumentList );
}
}
return new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = ((ResultValue)functRetVal).ExpType,
ExpValue = ((ResultValue)functRetVal).ExpValue
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitVariableD([NotNull] BatshGParser.VariableDContext context)
{
object variable;
string variableName = context.GetChild(0).ToString();
string typename = "";
Dictionary<string, object> variables = null;
if (actualFunctions.Count > 0)
{
Dictionary<string, object> localVariables =
actualFunctions.Peek().LocalVariables;
if (localVariables.ContainsKey(variableName))
{
variables = localVariables;
}
}
else
{
variables = globalVariables;
}
if (variables.ContainsKey(variableName))
{
variable = variables[variableName];
typename = charpTypesToBatshTypes[variable.GetType()];
}
else
{
Type parentContextType = contextTypes[context.parent.GetType()];
typename = charpTypesToBatshTypes[parentContextType];
variable = new object();
if (typename.Equals("string"))
{
variable = string.Empty;
}
else
{
variable = 0d;
}
}
return new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = typename,
ExpValue = variable
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitAssignment([NotNull] BatshGParser.AssignmentContext context)
{
string varname = context.varName.Text;
ResultValue varAsResultValue = Visit(context.right);
Dictionary<string, object> localVariables = null;
if (this.actualFunctions.Count > 0)
{
localVariables =
actualFunctions.Peek().LocalVariables;
if (localVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
localVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
if (globalVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
globalVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
{
localVariables.Add(varname, varAsResultValue.ExpValue);
}
}
else
{
if (globalVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
globalVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
{
globalVariables.Add(varname, varAsResultValue.ExpValue);
}
}
return varAsResultValue;
}
}
是什么原因引起的?谢谢！
为什么ANTLR生成的解析器会重用上下文对象?
不是.源代码中的每个函数调用将恰好对应于一个FunctionCallContext对象，并且这些对象将是唯一的.即使对于两个完全相同的函数调用，它们也必须是这样，因为它们还包含元数据，例如函数调用在源代码中出现的位置-并且即使其他所有条件都相同，这在调用之间也显然会有所不同./p>
为说明这一点，请考虑以下源代码:
function f(x) {
return f(x);
}
print(f(x));
这将创建一棵包含恰好两个FunctionCallContext对象的树-一个用于第2行，一个用于第4行.它们都将是不同的-它们都将具有引用函数名称f和参数的子节点x，但是它们将具有不同的位置信息和不同的哈希码-子节点也会如此.这里没有任何可重用的东西.
什么原因可能导致问题?
您多次看到同一节点的事实仅仅是由于您多次访问树的同一部分.对于您的用例来说，这是完全正常的事情，但是在您的情况下，这会引起问题，因为您在对象中存储了可变数据，并假设每次运行函数调用时都会得到一个新的FunctionCall对象.时间-而不是每次函数调用都出现在源代码中.
解析树不是这样工作的(它们代表源代码的结构，而不是运行时可能发生的调用顺序)，因此您不能使用FunctionCallContext对象存储有关特定运行的信息-时间函数调用.通常，我认为将可变状态放入上下文对象是个坏主意.
相反，您应该将可变状态放入访问者对象中.对于您的特定问题，这意味着要有一个包含每个运行时函数调用的局部变量的调用堆栈.每次函数开始执行时，您都可以将一个框架压入堆栈，并且每次函数退出时，都可以将其弹出.这样，堆栈的顶部将始终包含当前正在执行的函数的局部变量.
PS:这与您的问题无关，但是算术表达式中的通常优先级规则是，+具有与-相同的优先级，并且*具有与/相同的优先级.在您的语法中，/的优先级大于*的优先级，而-的优先级高于+.这意味着，例如9 * 5 / 3在应该为15时将求值为5(假定整数算术的常用规则).
要修复此+和-以及*和/应该是同一规则的一部分，因此它们具有相同的优先级:
| left=numericexpression op=('*'|'/') right=numericexpression #MulOrDiv
| left=numericexpression op=('+'|'-') right=numericexpression #PlusOrMinus
I'm trying to create an interpreter for a simple programming language using ANTLR. I would like to add the feature of recursion.
So far I have implemented the definition and calling functions with option of using several return statements and also local variables. To achieve having local variables I extended the parser partial class of FunctionCallContext with a dictionary for them. I can successfully use them for one time. Also, when I call the same function again from itself (recursively), the parser creates a new context object for the new function call, as I would expect.
However,if I create a "deeper" recursion, the third context of the function call will be the very same as the second (having the same hash code and the same local variables).
My (updated) grammar:
grammar BatshG;
/*
* Parser Rules
*/
compileUnit: ( (statement) | functionDef)+;
statement: print ';'
| println ';'
| assignment ';'
| loopWhile
| branch
| returnStatement ';'
| functionCall ';'
;
branch:
'if' '(' condition=booleanexpression ')'
trueBranch=block
('else' falseBranch=block)?;
loopWhile:
'while' '(' condition=booleanexpression ')'
whileBody=block
;
block:
statement
| '{' statement* '}';
numericexpression:
MINUS onepart=numericexpression #UnaryMinus
| left=numericexpression op=('*'|'/') right=numericexpression #MultOrDiv
| left=numericexpression op=('+'|'-') right=numericexpression #PlusOrMinus
| number=NUMERIC #Number
| variableD #NumVariable
;
stringexpression:
left=stringexpression PLUSPLUS right=stringexpression #Concat
| string=STRING #String
| variableD #StrVariable
| numericexpression #NumberToString
;
booleanexpression:
left=numericexpression relationalOperator=('<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '==' | '!=' ) right=numericexpression #RelationalOperation
| booleanliteral #Boolean
| numericexpression #NumberToBoolean
;
booleanliteral: trueConst | falseConst ;
trueConst : 'true' ;
falseConst : 'false' ;
assignment : varName=IDENTIFIER EQUAL right=expression;
expression: numericexpression | stringexpression | functionCall | booleanexpression;
println: 'println' '(' argument=expression ')';
print: 'print' '(' argument=expression ')';
functionDef: 'function' funcName= IDENTIFIER
'('
(functionParameters=parameterList)?
')'
'{'
statements=statementPart?
'}'
;
statementPart: statement* ;
returnStatement: ('return' returnValue=expression );
parameterList : paramName=IDENTIFIER (',' paramName=IDENTIFIER)*;
functionCall: funcName=IDENTIFIER '('
(functionArguments=argumentList)?
')';
argumentList: expression (',' expression)*;
variableD: varName=IDENTIFIER;
///*
// * Lexer Rules
// */
NUMERIC: (FLOAT | INTEGER);
PLUSPLUS: '++';
MINUS: '-';
IDENTIFIER: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* ;
EQUAL : '=' ;
STRING : '"' (~["\r\n] | '""')* '"' ;
INTEGER: [0-9] [0-9]*;
DIGIT : [0-9] ;
FRAC : '.' DIGIT+ ;
EXP : [eE] [-+]? DIGIT+ ;
FLOAT : DIGIT* FRAC EXP? ;
WS: [ \n\t\r]+ -> channel(HIDDEN);
///*
// * Lexer Rules
// */
NUMERIC: (FLOAT | INTEGER);
PLUSPLUS: '++';
MINUS: '-';
IDENTIFIER: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* ;
EQUAL : '=' ;
STRING : '"' (~["\r\n] | '""')* '"' ;
INTEGER: [0-9] [0-9]*;
DIGIT : [0-9] ;
FRAC : '.' DIGIT+ ;
EXP : [eE] [-+]? DIGIT+ ;
FLOAT : DIGIT* FRAC EXP? ;
WS: [ \n\t\r]+ -> channel(HIDDEN);
My partial class of parser written by me (not the generated part):
public partial class BatshGParser
{
//"extensions" for contexts:
public partial class FunctionCallContext
{
private Dictionary<string, object> localVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
private bool isFunctionReturning;
public FunctionCallContext()
{
localVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
isFunctionReturning = false;
}
public Dictionary<string, object> LocalVariables { get => localVariables; set => localVariables = value; }
public bool IsFunctionReturning { get => isFunctionReturning; set => isFunctionReturning = value; }
}
public partial class FunctionDefContext
{
private List<string> parameterNames;
public FunctionDefContext()
{
parameterNames = new List<string>();
}
public List<string> ParameterNames { get => parameterNames; set => parameterNames = value; }
}
}
And relevant parts (and maybe a little more) of my visitor:
public class BatshGVisitor : BatshGBaseVisitor<ResultValue>
{
public ResultValue Result { get; set; }
public StringBuilder OutputForPrint { get; set; }
private Dictionary<string, object> globalVariables = new Dictionary<string, object>();
//string = function name
//object = parameter list
//object = return value
private Dictionary<string, Func<List<object>, object>> globalFunctions = new Dictionary<string, Func<List<object>, object>>();
private Stack<BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext> actualFunctions = new Stack<BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext>();
public override ResultValue VisitCompileUnit([NotNull] BatshGParser.CompileUnitContext context)
{
OutputForPrint = new StringBuilder("");
isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions = true;
var resultvalue = VisitChildren(context);
isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions = false;
resultvalue = VisitChildren(context);
Result = new ResultValue() { ExpType = "string", ExpValue = resultvalue.ExpValue ?? null };
return Result;
}
public override ResultValue VisitChildren([NotNull] IRuleNode node)
{
if (this.isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
{
for (int i = 0; i < node.ChildCount; i++)
{
if (node.GetChild(i) is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
Visit(node.GetChild(i));
}
}
}
return base.VisitChildren(node);
}
protected override bool ShouldVisitNextChild([NotNull] IRuleNode node, ResultValue currentResult)
{
if (isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
{
if (node is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
else
{
if (node is BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext)
{
return false;
}
else
return base.ShouldVisitNextChild(node, currentResult);
}
}
public override ResultValue VisitFunctionDef([NotNull] BatshGParser.FunctionDefContext context)
{
string functionName = null;
functionName = context.funcName.Text;
if (context.functionParameters != null)
{
List<string> plist = CollectParamNames(context.functionParameters);
context.ParameterNames = plist;
}
if (isSearchingForFunctionDefinitions)
globalFunctions.Add(functionName,
(
delegate(List<object> args)
{
var currentMethod = (args[0] as BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext);
this.actualFunctions.Push(currentMethod);
//args[0] is the context
for (int i = 1; i < args.Count; i++)
{
currentMethod.LocalVariables.Add(context.ParameterNames[i - 1],
(args[i] as ResultValue).ExpValue
);
}
ResultValue retval = null;
retval = this.VisitStatementPart(context.statements);
this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning = false;
actualFunctions.Pop();
return retval;
}
)
);
return new ResultValue()
{
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitStatementPart([NotNull] BatshGParser.StatementPartContext context)
{
if (!this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning)
{
return VisitChildren(context);
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
public override ResultValue VisitReturnStatement([NotNull] BatshGParser.ReturnStatementContext context)
{
this.actualFunctions.Peek().IsFunctionReturning = true;
ResultValue retval = null;
if (context.returnValue != null)
{
retval = Visit(context.returnValue);
}
return retval;
}
public override ResultValue VisitArgumentList([NotNull] BatshGParser.ArgumentListContext context)
{
List<ResultValue> argumentList = new List<ResultValue>();
foreach (var item in context.children)
{
var tt = item.GetText();
if (item.GetText() != ",")
{
ResultValue rv = Visit(item);
argumentList.Add(rv);
}
}
return
new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = "list",
ExpValue = argumentList ?? null
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitFunctionCall([NotNull] BatshGParser.FunctionCallContext context)
{
string functionName = context.funcName.Text;
int hashcodeOfContext = context.GetHashCode();
object functRetVal = null;
List<object> argumentList = new List<object>()
{
context
//here come the actual parameters later
};
ResultValue argObjects = null;
if (context.functionArguments != null)
{
argObjects = VisitArgumentList(context.functionArguments);
}
if (argObjects != null )
{
if (argObjects.ExpValue is List<ResultValue>)
{
var argresults = (argObjects.ExpValue as List<ResultValue>) ?? null;
foreach (var arg in argresults)
{
argumentList.Add(arg);
}
}
}
if (globalFunctions.ContainsKey(functionName))
{
{
functRetVal = globalFunctions[functionName]( argumentList );
}
}
return new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = ((ResultValue)functRetVal).ExpType,
ExpValue = ((ResultValue)functRetVal).ExpValue
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitVariableD([NotNull] BatshGParser.VariableDContext context)
{
object variable;
string variableName = context.GetChild(0).ToString();
string typename = "";
Dictionary<string, object> variables = null;
if (actualFunctions.Count > 0)
{
Dictionary<string, object> localVariables =
actualFunctions.Peek().LocalVariables;
if (localVariables.ContainsKey(variableName))
{
variables = localVariables;
}
}
else
{
variables = globalVariables;
}
if (variables.ContainsKey(variableName))
{
variable = variables[variableName];
typename = charpTypesToBatshTypes[variable.GetType()];
}
else
{
Type parentContextType = contextTypes[context.parent.GetType()];
typename = charpTypesToBatshTypes[parentContextType];
variable = new object();
if (typename.Equals("string"))
{
variable = string.Empty;
}
else
{
variable = 0d;
}
}
return new ResultValue()
{
ExpType = typename,
ExpValue = variable
};
}
public override ResultValue VisitAssignment([NotNull] BatshGParser.AssignmentContext context)
{
string varname = context.varName.Text;
ResultValue varAsResultValue = Visit(context.right);
Dictionary<string, object> localVariables = null;
if (this.actualFunctions.Count > 0)
{
localVariables =
actualFunctions.Peek().LocalVariables;
if (localVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
localVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
if (globalVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
globalVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
{
localVariables.Add(varname, varAsResultValue.ExpValue);
}
}
else
{
if (globalVariables.ContainsKey(varname))
{
globalVariables[varname] = varAsResultValue.ExpValue;
}
else
{
globalVariables.Add(varname, varAsResultValue.ExpValue);
}
}
return varAsResultValue;
}
}
What could cause the problem? Thank you!
Why does parser generated by ANTLR reuse context objects?
It doesn't. Each function call in your source code will correspond to exactly one FunctionCallContext object and those will be unique. They'd have to be, even for two entirely identical function calls, because they also contain meta data, such as where in the source the function call appears - and that's obviously going to differ between calls even if everything else is the same.
To illustrate this, consider the following source code:
function f(x) {
return f(x);
}
print(f(x));
This will create a tree containing exactly two FunctionCallContext objects - one for line 2 and one for line 4. They will both be distinct - they'll both have child nodes referring to the function name f and the argument x, but they'll have different location information and a different hash code - as will the child nodes. Nothing is being reused here.
What could cause the problem?
The fact that you're seeing the same node multiple times is simply due to the fact that you're visiting the same part of the tree multiple times. That's a perfectly normal thing to do for your use case, but in your case it causes a problem because you stored mutable data in the object, assuming that you'd get a fresh FunctionCall object for each time a function call happens at run time - rather than each time a function call appears in the source code.
That's not how parse trees work (they represent the structure of the source code, not the sequence of calls that might happen at run time), so you can't use FunctionCallContext objects to store information about a specific run-time function call. In general, I'd consider it a bad idea to put mutable state into context objects.
Instead you should put your mutable state into your visitor object. For your specific problem that means having a call stack containing the local variables of each run-time function call. Each time a function starts execution, you can push a frame onto the stack and each time a function exits, you can pop it. That way the top of the stack will always contain the local variables of the function currently being executed.
PS: This is unrelated to your problem, but the usual rules of precedence in arithmetic expressions are such that, + has the same precedence as - and * has the same precedence as /. In your grammar the precedence of / is greater than that of * and that of - higher than +. This means that for example 9 * 5 / 3 is going to evaluate to 5, when it should be 15 (assuming the usual rules for integer arithmetic).
To fix this + and -, as well as * and / should be part of the same rule, so they get the same precedence:
| left=numericexpression op=('*'|'/') right=numericexpression #MulOrDiv
| left=numericexpression op=('+'|'-') right=numericexpression #PlusOrMinus
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