如何使用python-apt API安装软件包 [英] How to install a package using the python-apt API

问题描述

在使用Python时，我是一个新手，因此我先乞求宽恕:).就是说，我正在尝试制作一个脚本，其中包括一些Linux软件包.首先，我尝试按照此处中所述使用subopen.尽管这最终可以工作，但我偶然发现了 python-apt API ，由于我不是忠实粉丝，也不是重新发明轮子，所以我决定尝试一下.

I'm quite a newbie when it comes to Python, thus I beg foregiveness beforehand :). That said, I'm trying to make a script that, among other things, installs some Linux packages. First I tried to use subopen as explained here. While this can eventually work, I stumbled upon the python-apt API and since I'm not a big fan or re-inventing the wheel, I decided to give a try.

尝试使用python-apt安装软件包的示例/教程时出现问题.在搜索文档时，我发现了 PackageManager 类，其中包含一些用于安装软件包的方法.我尝试了一些简单的代码来使其工作:

Problem comes when trying to find examples/tutorials on installing a package using python-apt. Searching the documentation I found the PackageManager class that has some methods to install a package. I tried some simple code to get this working:

apt_pkg.PackageManager.install("python")

这似乎不那么容易，安装方法需要apt_pkg.PackageManager而不是纯字符串.因此，再看一点，我发现了这个例子看起来很有希望，但是我有点不愿意使用，因为我不太了解那里发生的事情.

This does not seem to work that easily, the install method expects apt_pkg.PackageManager instead of a plain String. Thus, looking a bit more, I found this example that looks promising, but I'm a bit reluctant to use since I don't really understand some of what is happening there.

然后，有人尝试使用python-apt安装软件包吗?还是我应该使用纯老式的subopen样式?

Then, has anyone tried to install a package using python-apt or should I go for using plain-old subopen style?

谢谢！

推荐答案

建议使用python-apt Debian软件包中的apt模块.这是底层C/C ++ libapt-xxx库的更高层包装，并具有Pythonic接口.

It's recommended to use the apt module from the python-apt Debian package. This is a higher level wrapper around the underlying C/C++ libapt-xxx libraries and has a Pythonic interface.

下面是一个示例脚本，它将安装libjs-yui-doc软件包:

Here's an example script which will install the libjs-yui-doc package:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# aptinstall.py

import apt
import sys

pkg_name = "libjs-yui-doc"

cache = apt.cache.Cache()
cache.update()
cache.open()

pkg = cache[pkg_name]
if pkg.is_installed:
    print "{pkg_name} already installed".format(pkg_name=pkg_name)
else:
    pkg.mark_install()

    try:
        cache.commit()
    except Exception, arg:
        print >> sys.stderr, "Sorry, package installation failed [{err}]".format(err=str(arg))

与使用apt-get一样，它必须以超级用户特权运行才能访问和修改APT缓存.

As with the use of apt-get, this must be run with superuser privileges to access and modify the APT cache.

$ sudo ./aptinstall.py

如果您尝试将软件包安装作为较大脚本的一部分，则最好仅在最短的时间内提升到root特权.

If you're attempting a package install as part of a larger script, it's probably a good idea to only raise to root privileges for the minimal time required.

您可以在/usr/share/pyshared/apt/progress/gtk2.py:_test()函数中找到一个小示例，其中显示了如何使用GTK前端安装软件包.

You can find a small example in the /usr/share/pyshared/apt/progress/gtk2.py:_test() function showing how to install a package using a GTK front-end.

这篇关于如何使用python-apt API安装软件包的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！