dpkg-reconfigure tzdata的非交互式方法 [英] Non-interactive method for dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

问题描述

当我第一次设置Ubuntu服务器时，请确保先aptitude install tzdata，然后再dpkg-reconfigure tzdata，以便正确设置时区.

When I first setup an Ubuntu server, I make sure I aptitude install tzdata, then dpkg-reconfigure tzdata so that I set my timezone properly.

我正在尝试使用脚本来自动化服务器设置，并注意到这种自动操作的方式，因为它需要在用户干预下进行交互式会话.

I am trying to automate my server setup with a script, and noticed this piece sort of throws a wrench into it being automatic, as it requires an interactive session with user intervention.

是否可以使用dpkg-reconfigure而不进行交互?

Is there a way to use dpkg-reconfigure without it being interactive?

推荐答案

swill的回答并不正确.如果您想要无人值守/脚本化的dpkg软件包配置，那么您想使用debconf预播机制.

The answer by swill is not how it is done properly. If you want unattended/scripted dpkg configuration of packages, then you want to use the debconf preseeding mechanism.

在您的情况下，这意味着您必须执行以下操作:

In your case this means that you have to do the following:

• 设置以下环境变量以避免debconf尝试向用户提出任何问题:

• set the following environment variables to avoid that debconf tries to ask the user any questions:

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true

然后使用以下preseed.txt文件(或所需的任何其他设置)填充debconf:

then preseed debconf with the following preseed.txt file (or whatever other settings you desire):

tzdata tzdata/Areas select Europe
tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin

您可以通过运行以下命令来设置上面的文件:

you set the above preseed file by running:

debconf-set-selections /your/preseed.txt

您现在可以通过apt安装tzdata(如果尚未安装)或运行dpkg-reconfigure.最后，将根据您在debconf预置文件中指定的内容来设置tzdata.

you can now either install tzdata (if it is not installed yet) via apt or run dpkg-reconfigure. In the end, tzdata will be set up according to what you specified in your debconf preseed file.

请记住，您可以使用debconf preseeding自动执行更多操作.例如，在我的前提下，我总是设置:

Remember that you can automate lots more using debconf preseeding. For example in my preseeds I always set:

locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect     en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
locales locales/default_environment_locale      select  en_US.UTF-8

您始终可以通过运行debconf-get-selections来检查当前系统的debconf设置.输出应该使您对使用debconf preseeding能够自动化多少系统配置有所了解.

You can always inspect the debconf settings of your current system by running debconf-get-selections. The output should give you some idea of how much of the system configuration you are able to automate using debconf preseeding.

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