dpkg-reconfigure tzdata 的非交互式方法 [英] Non-interactive method for dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

问题描述

当我第一次设置 Ubuntu 服务器时，我确保我 aptitude install tzdata，然后 dpkg-reconfigure tzdata 以便我正确设置我的时区.

When I first setup an Ubuntu server, I make sure I aptitude install tzdata, then dpkg-reconfigure tzdata so that I set my timezone properly.

我正在尝试使用脚本自动化我的服务器设置，并注意到这块是自动的，因为它需要用户干预的交互式会话.

I am trying to automate my server setup with a script, and noticed this piece sort of throws a wrench into it being automatic, as it requires an interactive session with user intervention.

有没有办法在没有交互的情况下使用 dpkg-reconfigure?

Is there a way to use dpkg-reconfigure without it being interactive?

推荐答案

swill 的答案不是如何正确完成.如果您想对软件包进行无人值守/脚本化的 dpkg 配置，那么您需要使用 debconf 预置机制.

The answer by swill is not how it is done properly. If you want unattended/scripted dpkg configuration of packages, then you want to use the debconf preseeding mechanism.

就您而言，这意味着您必须执行以下操作:

In your case this means that you have to do the following:

• 设置以下环境变量以避免 debconf 试图询问用户任何问题:

• set the following environment variables to avoid that debconf tries to ask the user any questions:

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true

然后使用以下 preseed.txt 文件(或您想要的任何其他设置)预置 debconf:

then preseed debconf with the following preseed.txt file (or whatever other settings you desire):

tzdata tzdata/Areas select Europe
tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin

你通过运行来设置上面的 preseed 文件:

you set the above preseed file by running:

debconf-set-selections /your/preseed.txt

您现在可以通过 apt 安装 tzdata(如果尚未安装)或运行 dpkg-reconfigure.最后，tzdata 将根据您在 debconf preseed 文件中指定的内容进行设置.

you can now either install tzdata (if it is not installed yet) via apt or run dpkg-reconfigure. In the end, tzdata will be set up according to what you specified in your debconf preseed file.

请记住，您可以使用 debconf 预置实现更多自动化.例如，在我的 preseed 中，我总是设置:

Remember that you can automate lots more using debconf preseeding. For example in my preseeds I always set:

locales locales/locales_to_be_generated multiselect     en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
locales locales/default_environment_locale      select  en_US.UTF-8

您始终可以通过运行 debconf-get-selections 来检查当前系统的 debconf 设置.输出应该让您了解使用 debconf 预置可以自动化多少系统配置.

You can always inspect the debconf settings of your current system by running debconf-get-selections. The output should give you some idea of how much of the system configuration you are able to automate using debconf preseeding.

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