通过AWK连接具有多列的两个文件 [英] Joining two files with multiple columns via AWK

问题描述

首先，我必须道歉:我知道已经有很多主题可以回答我的问题，但是正如您自己所看到的那样，AWK并不是我的好朋友.

First of all, I must apologise : I know there's a lot of various topics that already answer my question, but as you'll see by yourself, AWK isn't really a big friend of mine.

你们都知道这个故事，对吧? ;)嘿，随意的员工，您是被选中的人！我需要您学习我们都不知道的奇怪的事情.您的截止日期是明天，祝您好运！"

You all know the story, right ? ;) "Hey random employee, you are the chosen one ! I need you to learn this strange thing that none of us know. Your deadline is tomorrow, good luck !"

我不会再抱怨它了(承诺！:p)，但是经过多次尝试，我无法真正理解AWK的所有内容(谁说过一件事情"?).

I won't complain about it anymore (promise ! :p), but after many tries, I can't really understand everything (who said "a single thing" ?) about AWK.

所以，这是我的问题！

我有两个文件，其以下各列:

I have two files, with the following columns :

文件A.txt:

A B C D E F G H

文件B.txt:

A C F I

我想通过将这两个文件合并到另一个文件中来获得以下输出:

I want to get the following output by joining these two files in another one :

输出文件C.txt:

A B C D E F G H I

我想在它们之间建立连接，将"I"添加到具有A，C和F列的行中，并删除其他行.

I would like to make a join between them, adding "I" to already existent lines with columns A, C and F, and removing the other ones.

到目前为止，我知道我必须使用类似这样的东西:

So far, I know that I must use something like this :

awk '
    FNR==NR{Something ;next}
    {print $0}
' A.txt B.txt

是的，我知道.一开始听起来很糟糕.

Yeah, I know. Sounds pretty bad for a start.

任何英雄，在那儿吗?

推荐答案

awk '
    NR==FNR {A[$1,$3,$6] = $0; next} 
    ($1 SUBSEP $2 SUBSEP $3) in A {print A[$1,$2,$3], $4}
' A.txt B.txt

这要求将整个文件A.txt存储在内存中.如果B.txt小得多

That requires the whole file A.txt to be stored in memory. If B.txt is significantly smaller

awk '
    NR==FNR {B[$1,$2,$3] = $4; next}
    ($1 SUBSEP $3 SUBSEP $6) in B {print $0, B[$1,$3,$6]}
' B.txt A.txt

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