如何在文件中出现字符串的地方打印行号? [英] How to print the line number where a string appears in a file?

问题描述

我有一个特定的单词，我想找出文件中该单词出现的行号.

I have a specific word, and I would like to find out what line number in my file that word appears on.

这是在c shell脚本中发生的.

This is happening in a c shell script.

我一直在尝试与awk一起找到行号，但是到目前为止，我还没能找到.我也想将该行号分配给变量.

I've been trying to play around with awk to find the line number, but so far I haven't been able to. I want to assign that line number to a variable as well.

推荐答案

使用grep

要在文件中查找word并打印行号，请在grep中使用-n选项:

Using grep

To look for word in file and print the line number, use the -n option to grep:

grep -n 'word' file

这将同时打印行号及其匹配的行.

This prints both the line number and the line on which it matches.

这将打印文件中出现word字的行数:

This will print the number of line on which the word word appears in the file:

awk '/word/{print NR}' file

这将同时打印行号和出现word的行:

This will print both the line number and the line on which word appears:

awk '/word/{print NR, $0}' file

您可以用任何所需的正则表达式替换word.

You can replace word with any regular expression that you like.

工作原理:

• /word/

这将选择包含word的行.

{print NR}

对于选定的行，这将打印行号(NR表示记录编号).您可以更改它以打印您感兴趣的任何信息.因此，{print NR, $0}将打印行号，然后是行本身$0.

For the selected lines, this prints the line number (NR means Number of the Record). You can change this to print any information that you are interested in. Thus, {print NR, $0} would print the line number followed by the line itself, $0.

使用命令替换:

n=$(awk '/word/{print NR}' file)

使用shell变量作为模式

假设我们要查找的正则表达式位于shell变量url中:

awk -v x="$url" '$0~x {print NR}' file

并且:

n=$(awk -v x="$url" '$0~x {print NR}' file)

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