如何在两个日期和时间时间戳之间执行算术运算(加，减)? [英] How perform arithmetic (add,subtract) between two Date&Time timestamps?
问题描述
我正在尝试使用批处理文件创建任意时间.我试图从我的代码中减去设置值(例如1天，1个月和2000年)，以显示系统时间减去前面所述的设置值.对于小时和分钟，我要减去10小时和10分钟(在代码中显示为不同的值).我还知道日期和时间是与我的系统相关的变量. 〜请忽略
I am trying to create an arbitrary time using batch files. I am trying to subtract set values (such as 1 day, 1 month, and 2000 years) from my code to display the system time subtracted by the set values stated previously. For the hours and minutes, I am subtracting 10 hours and 10 minutes (shown in code as different values). I am also aware that date and time are variables related to my system. ~ Please ignore
重要- 我的问题现在出在这部分:
Important - My problem now is with this part:
if %minb% EQU 60 set /a minb=%minb%-60 & set /a hourb=%hourb%+1
if %hourb% EQU 24 set /a hourb=%hourb%-24 & set /a dayb=%dayb%+1
if %dayb% EQU 30 set /a dayb=%dayb%-30 & set /a monthb=%monthb%+1
if %monthb% EQU 12 set /a monthb=%monthb%-12 & set /a yearb=%yearb%+1
我似乎无法将分钟重置为0，而当分钟值达到60时使小时加1 ，与小时，日，月，月，日相同，每月的关系，除此之外，我的代码存在的问题大部分是已修复.当我运行代码并等待分钟数(或增加时差)达到60时，它们仅超过60，并且不重置也不添加到hoursb值.
I can't seem to be able to make the minutes reset to 0 and have the hours add 1 when the minute value hits 60, and same with the hour-day, day-month, month-year relationships, other than that, the problems with my code are mostly fixed. When I run the code and wait for the minutes (or add to the time difference) to reach 60, they just pass 60 and don't reset nor add to the hoursb value.
.
我的日期和时间格式为:
My date and time formats are:
- 短日期:M/d/yyyy
- 长日期:dddd，MMMM d，yyyy
- 短时间:h:mm
- 长时间:h:mm:ss
我正在使用Windows 10.
I am using Windows 10.
请注意，/a中的值与我的描述不匹配，但是当然可以更改它们.将它们设置为显示的数字仅出于测试目的.
代码:
@echo off
:start
set day=%date:~-7,2%
set month=%date:~-10,2%
set year=%date:~-4,4%
set hour=%time:~0,2%
set min=%time:~3,2%
set /a "hourb=%hour%-10"
set /a "minb=%min%+30"
set /a "dayb=%day%-1"
set /a "monthb=%month%-1"
set /a "yearb=%year%-2000"
if %minb% lss 10 set minb=0%minb%
if %hourb% lss 10 set hourb=0%hourb%
if %dayb% lss 10 set dayb=0%dayb%
if %monthb% lss 10 set monthb=0%monthb%
if %minb% EQU 60 set /a minb=%minb%-60 & set /a hourb=%hourb%+1
if %hourb% EQU 24 set /a hourb=%hourb%-24 & set /a dayb=%dayb%+1
if %dayb% EQU 30 set /a dayb=%dayb%-30 & set /a monthb=%monthb%+1
if %monthb% EQU 12 set /a monthb=%monthb%-12 & set /a yearb=%yearb%+1
cls
:: ———————————————————————–
@mode con cols=20 lines=6
title Arbitrary Clock
:time
echo.
echo. %hourb%:%minb%
echo.
echo. %dayb%-%monthb%-%yearb%
echo.
ping -n 2 0.0.0.0 >nul
cls
goto :start
好的，正如您在对代码的新编辑中所看到的那样，我将值设置为此问题开始处所述的值.从小时中减去10，从日期和月份中减去1，然后从年份中减去2000.我在分钟数上加了30，以立即显示问题.
Alright, so as you can see in the new edit to the code, I set the values to the stated at the beginning of this question. Subtracting 10 from the hours, subtracting 1 from the days and months, and subtracting 2000 from the years. I added 30 to the minutes to show the problem right now.
所以我的系统时间是 2019年1月5日4:40.好吗?
So my system time is 4:40, 1/5/2019. Alright?
时钟上显示的时间是 06:70，04-00-19.
期望的结果是 07:10，04-12-18.
对此进行了大量编辑.预先感谢.
This was edited heavily. Thanks in advance.
推荐答案
您的描述中有一个基本错误.当您从日期中减去天/月/年的天数时，就是在减去日期，而不是不是！例如，如果今天日期是05/01/2019(显然是DD/MM/YYYY格式)，而您要减去1个月，则结果应为05/12/2018，因为您要减去日期(1个月).如果从月份部分中减去数字1 ，则结果将为05/00/2019.因此，应该通过众所周知的添加和减去日期的方法来解决此问题.
You have a fundamental error in your description. When you subtract a number of days/months/years from a date, you are subtracting a date, not a number! For example, if today date is 05/01/2019 (obviously in DD/MM/YYYY format) and you want to subtract 1 month, the result should be 05/12/2018 because you are subtracting a date (1 month). If you subtract a number 1 from the month part, then the result will be 05/00/2019. For this reason, this problem should be solved via the well-known methods to add and subtract dates.
这些方法的问题在于它们仅对特定日期范围有效，范围通常从1583年开始.如果要从2018年减去2000并得到18，则这样的"18年"是<在通常的日期管理方法中，em>不是有效年份.因此，除了使用通常的方法来管理日期外，您还需要完成一些小的调整.
The problem with these methods is that they are valid just for a certain range of dates, and that ranges usually start in 1583. If you want to subtract 2000 from year 2018 and get 18, then such "year 18" is not a valid year in the usual date management methods. For this reason, besides to use the usual methods to manage dates, you also need to complete a couple small adjustments.
我使用了注释中链接的代码段，并对其进行了一些修改，以解决此问题.我完成了一些测试，并且似乎可以正常工作，但是也许该方法在某些特定的值范围内可能会失败.
I taken the code segments linked in my comment and modified they slightly in order to solve this problem. I completed some tests and it seems to work correctly, but perhaps the method may fail in certain specific range of values.
@echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
rem Subtract a number of Days/Months/Years @ Hours:Minutes:Seconds from a datetime stamp
rem Antonio Perez Ayala aka Aacini
rem Define the "Date in DDMMYYYY format" To "Julian Day Number" conversion "function"
set "DateToJDN(Date)=( a=1Date, y=a%%10000, a/=10000, m=a%%100, d=a/100-100, a=(m-14)/12, (1461*(y+4800+a))/4+(367*(m-2-12*a))/12-(3*((y+4900+a)/100))/4+d-32075 )"
set /P "stamp1=Enter base timestamp as DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM:SS "
set /P "stamp2=Enter timestamp to subtract in same format: "
set "adjust=0"
for /F "tokens=1-4" %%a in ("%stamp1% %stamp2%") do set "date1=%%a" & set "time1=%%b" & set "date2=%%c" & set "time2=%%d"
if 1%date2:~-4% lss 11600 (
set /A "adjust=1%date2:~-4%+1600"
set "date2=%date2:~0,-4%!adjust:~1!"
set "adjust=1600"
)
set /A "days=!DateToJDN(Date):Date=%date1:/=%! - !DateToJDN(Date):Date=%date2:/=%!, days1600=%DateToJDN(Date):Date=00001600%"
set /A "ss=(((1%time1::=-100)*60+1%-100) - (((1%time2::=-100)*60+1%-100)"
if %ss% lss 0 set /A "ss+=60*60*24, days-=1"
set /A "hh=ss/3600+100, ss%%=3600, mm=ss/60+100, ss=ss%%60+100"
if %days% lss %days1600% set /A days+=days1600, days1600=0
set /A "l=days+68569,n=(4*l)/146097,l=l-(146097*n+3)/4,i=(4000*(l+1))/1461001,l=l-(1461*i)/4+31,j=(80*l)/2447,D=l-(2447*j)/80+100,l=j/11,M=j+2-(12*l)+100,Y=100*(n-49)+i+l+10000+adjust"
if %days1600% equ 0 set /A Y-=1600
echo -----------------------
echo Result: %D:~1%/%M:~1%/%Y:~1% %hh:~1%:%mm:~1%:%ss:~1%
一个小例子:
Enter base timestamp as DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM:SS 05/01/2019 10:53:45
Enter timestamp to subtract in same format: 01/01/2000 10:10:00
-----------------------
Result: 04/12/0018 00:43:45
PS-我真的希望看到用于此问题的PowerShell解决方案.似乎只需要一小段简单的代码即可.
PS - I really would like to see a PowerShell solution for this problem. It seems that it would take just a simple and short line of code...
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