从块0获取键列表 [英] Getting a list of keys from block 0

问题描述

使用本地区块链，是否可以使用bitcoin-core rpc命令查询一个块(例如创世块)并获取该块中使用的所有公钥的列表?如果可能，我需要使用哪些命令?

Using a local blockchain, is it is possible to use the bitcoin-core rpc commands to query a block (such as the genesis block) and get a list of all the public keys used in that block? If it is possible, which commands do I need to use?

推荐答案

不完全是.这是因为现代输出包含地址(技术上为scriptPubkey)，这些地址是经过编码的公钥哈希，请参见类型交易.哈希不能逆转(或者比特币根本不起作用)，因此，为了显示公钥，支出者必须提供它.您可以从使用过的输出中提取公钥(通过scriptSig)，但这并不简单.但是，对于旧式输出(如在创世模块中)，无需花费就可以实现，因为它们使用了不赞成使用的交易类型(Pay-To-Pubkey).

Not entirely. This is because modern outputs contain addresses (technically scriptPubkeys) which are encoded hashes of a public key, see Types of Transactions. Hashes cannot be reversed (or Bitcoin wouldn't work at all), so in order to reveal the public key, the spender must provide it. You can extract public keys from spent outputs (via the scriptSig), but it is not straightforward. With legacy outputs, however, (as in the genesis block), this is possible without spending because they use a deprecated transaction type (Pay-To-Pubkey).

有一些命令可以使用.首先，在区块中获取交易:

There are a few commands to use. First, get the transactions in the block:

1. getblockhash

$ bitcoin-cli getblockhash 0
000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f

其中0是创世块的块索引.

where 0 is the block index of the genesis block.

1. getblock

$ bitcoin-cli getblock 000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f 2

{
  "hash": "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f",
  "confirmations": 600908,
  "strippedsize": 285,
  "size": 285,
  "weight": 1140,
  "height": 0,
  "version": 1,
  "versionHex": "00000001",
  "merkleroot": "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b",
  "tx": [
    {
      "txid": "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b",
      "hash": "4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b",
      "version": 1,
      "size": 204,
      "vsize": 204,
      "weight": 816,
      "locktime": 0,
      "vin": [
        {
          "coinbase": "04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73",
          "sequence": 4294967295
        }
      ],
      "vout": [
        {
          "value": 50.00000000,
          "n": 0,
          "scriptPubKey": {
            "asm": "04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f OP_CHECKSIG",
            "hex": "4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac",
            "reqSigs": 1,
            "type": "pubkey",
            "addresses": [
              "1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa"
            ]
          }
        }
      ],
      "hex": "01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff4d04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac00000000"
    }
  ],
  "time": 1231006505,
  "mediantime": 1231006505,
  "nonce": 2083236893,
  "bits": "1d00ffff",
  "difficulty": 1,
  "chainwork": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010001",
  "nTx": 1,
  "nextblockhash": "00000000839a8e6886ab5951d76f411475428afc90947ee320161bbf18eb6048"
}

其中第一个参数是块哈希，而2是详细程度(即，具有事务数据的json对象).请注意，这不是有关创世块的大量数据，但是对于较新的块，这将是非常大且缓慢的.

where the first argument is the block hash, and 2 is the verbosity (i.e. for json object with transaction data). Note that this is not much data for the genesis block, but for more recent blocks, this will be very large and slow.

1. 从scriptPubkey提取公钥 对我们来说幸运的是，创世块使用了一种不赞成使用的交易类型，称为Pay-to-Pubkey，它为我们提供了公共密钥，其格式为:

1. Extract the public key from the scriptPubkey Lucky for us, the genesis block uses a deprecated transaction type called Pay-to-Pubkey which gives us the public key and is of the form:

<pubkey> OP_CHECKSIG

在第一个vout中，scriptPubkey是04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f OP_CHECKSIG

因此公用密钥为04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f.请注意，这是65个字节，因为早期的比特币版本使用了未压缩的公共密钥.

So the public key is 04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f. Note that this is 65 bytes because early Bitcoin versions used uncompressed public keys.

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