对可变参数模板结构使用std :: visit [英] Using std::visit with variadic template struct
问题描述
我试图理解以下示例,该示例来自 http:// en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant/visit
I was trying to understand the following example which I got from http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant/visit
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <variant>
#include <vector>
using var_t = std::variant<int, long, double, std::string>;
template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
// what is this declaration imply???
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
int main() {
std::vector<var_t> vec = {10, 15l, 1.5, "hello"};
for (auto& v: vec) {
std::visit(overloaded {
[](auto arg) { std::cout << arg << '\n'; },
[](double arg) { std::cout << std::fixed << arg << '\n'; },
[](const std::string& arg) { std::cout << std::quoted(arg) << '\n'; },
}, v);
}
}
有人可以解释这个重载的结构如何工作吗?尤其是我不理解的是以下声明。
Can someone please explain how this overloaded struct works? Especially what I didn't understand is the following declaration.
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
没有此声明,编译器将发出以下错误消息。
Without this declaration, the compiler issues the following error messages.
main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:26:9: error: class template argument deduction failed:
}, v);
^
main.cpp:26: confused by earlier errors, bailing out
救出
目的:学习
Purpose: learning
推荐答案
有人可以解释一下这个重载的结构如何工作吗?尤其是我不理解的是以下声明。
Can someone please explain how this overloaded struct works? Especially what I didn't understand is the following declaration.
template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
这是用户定义的扣除指南(链接到工作草案)。
最新标准修订版引入的语言功能以及类模板参数推导。另请参见此处,以获取更多详细信息和更加用户友好的说明。
这不是一个正确的解释,但为简单起见,您可以将其视为提示,以便从给出的一组参数中引出模板自变量
That's an user-defined deduction guide (link to the working draft).
It's a feature of the language introduced by the latest revision of the standard along with class template arguments deduction. See also here for more details and a more user-friendly explanation.
This is not a proper explanation, but for the sake of simplicity you can consider it as an hint you can give to lead the deduction of the template arguments out of a set of parameters given to the constructor.
作为旁注,此处我找到了一个非常清楚的示例,值得将其复制到上面:
As a side note, here I found an example that is pretty clear and it's worth copying it over:
template<typename T>
struct Thingy { T t; };
Thingy(const char *) -> Thingy<std::string>;
// ...
Thingy thing{"A String"}; // thing.t is a `std::string`.
信用额用于@ NicolBolas,SO上的活跃用户。不幸的是,我找不到此示例的答案。
Credits are for @NicolBolas, an active user here on SO. Unfortunately I can't find the answer from which this example has been taken.
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