在表达式中使用用户定义的文字有时需要空格 [英] Using user-defined literals in expressions sometimes requires whitespace

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问题描述

以下代码在GCC和Clang中均进行编译:

  long double运算符 _a(long double); 
auto x = 0e1_a + 0; // OK

但不是这样(替换 _a _e ):

  long double运算符 __(long双); 
auto y = 0e1_e + 0; //错误:找不到数字文字运算符'operator _ e + 0'

OTOH,这代码编译:

  auto z = 0e1_e +0; // OK 

发生了什么事?



(此问题的灵感来自此GCC错误报告。)

解决方案

再次出现最大的攻击。<​​/ p>

[lex.pptoken] / p3:


如果输入流已解析为预处理令牌,直到给定字符




  • [这里没有两个相关例外]

  • 否则,下一个预处理令牌是可以构成预处理令牌的最长字符序列,即使那样
    将导致进一步的词法分析失败,只是
    header-name (2.8)仅在 #include 指令(16.2)。


问题是 0e1_e +与 0e1_a + 0 不同,0 是有效的预处理数字([lex.ppnumber]):

  pp数:

。数字
pp数字数字
pp数字标识符-非数字
pp数字'数字
pp数字'非数字
pp数字e符号
pp编号E sign
pp编号。

因此, 0e1_e + 0 为解析为单个 pp-number 预处理令牌,然后在以后爆炸,因为它不能转换为有效令牌(出于明显的原因)。



0e1_a + 0 被解析为三个令牌,分别为 0e1_a + 0 ,一切都很好。


The following code compiles in both GCC and Clang:

long double operator""_a(long double);     
auto x = 0e1_a+0; // OK 

But not this (replacing _a with _e):

long double operator""_e(long double);
auto y = 0e1_e+0; // Error: unable to find numeric literal operator 'operator""_e+0'

OTOH, this code compiles:

auto z = 0e1_e +0; // OK

What's going on?

(This question is inspired by this GCC bug report.)

解决方案

Maximal munch strikes again.

[lex.pptoken]/p3:

If the input stream has been parsed into preprocessing tokens up to a given character:

  • [two exceptions not relevant here]
  • Otherwise, the next preprocessing token is the longest sequence of characters that could constitute a preprocessing token, even if that would cause further lexical analysis to fail, except that a header-name (2.8) is only formed within a #include directive (16.2).

The problem is that 0e1_e+0, unlike 0e1_a+0, is a valid preprocessing number ([lex.ppnumber]):

pp-number:
    digit
    . digit
    pp-number digit
    pp-number identifier-nondigit
    pp-number ’ digit
    pp-number ’ nondigit
    pp-number e sign
    pp-number E sign
    pp-number .

As a result, 0e1_e+0 is parsed as a single pp-number preprocessing token, and then explodes later because it cannot be converted to a valid token (for obvious reasons).

0e1_a+0, on the other hand, is parsed as three tokens, 0e1_a, +, and 0, and all is well.

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