通过CMake在没有Qt Creator的情况下构建Qt5 Quick项目 [英] Building Qt5 Quick project without Qt Creator via CMake

问题描述

我正在尝试构建简单的Qt Quick项目，并希望在 Qt Creator 之外使用它。这意味着只能使用 Vim 或 CMake 之类的工具进行编码，构建和运行程序。

Im trying to build simple Qt Quick project and want to work with it outside Qt Creator. It means coding, building and running program only with tools like Vim or CMake.

我有两个问题：

1. 我不明白为什么CMake本身无法找到所有需要的库并进行构建


2. 我不明白为什么在Qt Creator中单击▶按钮会成功构建默认项目，但是我自己运行CMake的结果

1. I don't understand why CMake cannot find all needed libraries by itself and build project.
2. I don't understand why clicking on ▶ button in Qt Creator builds default project succesfully, but running CMake by myself results in c++ error.

首先，我在github上找到的Qt5 Quick项目中制作了CMakeLists.txt。然后，我尝试通过Creator创建项目，然后检查它如何构建 CMakeLists.txt 并由我自己编写一个项目。

Firstly i made CMakeLists.txt in the image of Qt5 Quick project i found on github. Then I tried to make project via Creator, then inspect how it builds CMakeLists.txt and compose one by myself.

我的第一次尝试：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11..3.15)

set(PROJECT_NAME "uint32_sort_gui")

project(${PROJECT_NAME} LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)

find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Gui Qml Quick QuickControls2 REQUIRED)

add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/sort_lib/)

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}
                      PUBLIC
                      Qt5::Core
                      Qt5::Gui
                      Qt5::Qml
                      Qt5::Quick
                      Qt5::QuickControls2    #(*)
                      SortCore
                      )
set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} 
                      PROPERTIES 
                      CXX_STANDARD 11 
                      CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

第二个（由Qt Creator自动生成）：

Second (autogenerated by Qt Creator):

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)

project(Deleteme2 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Quick REQUIRED)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} "main.cpp" "qml.qrc")
target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE $<$<OR:$<CONFIG:Debug>,$<CONFIG:RelWithDebInfo>>:QT_QML_DEBUG>)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE Qt5::Core Qt5::Quick)

在（*）行上，第一个列表失败，说

First listing fails on (*) line, saying

Could not find a package configuration file provided by "Qt5QuickControls2"
  with any of the following names:

    Qt5QuickControls2Config.cmake
    qt5quickcontrols2-config.cmake

  Add the installation prefix of "Qt5QuickControls2" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or
  set "Qt5QuickControls2_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above
  files.  If "Qt5QuickControls2" provides a separate development package or
  SDK, be sure it has been installed.

（但是我已经安装了所有东西）

(But i've installed everything)

第二个失败，并在编译期间出错：

And second fails with error during compilation:

make
[ 16%] Automatic MOC for target Deleteme2
[ 16%] Built target Deleteme2_autogen
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/Deleteme2.dir/main.cpp.o
Deleteme2/main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
Deleteme2/main.cpp:6:36: error: ‘AA_EnableHighDpiScaling’ is not a member of ‘Qt’
     QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);

我在做什么错？为什么Qt Creator可以毫无问题地构建 Deleteme2 ？

What am i doing wrong? Why Qt Creator can build Deleteme2 without a problem?

编辑：
这是示例代码，由Qt Creator生成的第二次尝试

Edited: Here is the sample code, generated by Qt Creator for second attempt

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling);

    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);

    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
    const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml"));
    QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated,
                     &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) {
        if (!obj && url == objUrl)
            QCoreApplication::exit(-1);
    }, Qt::QueuedConnection);
    engine.load(url);

    return app.exec();
}

推荐答案

主要问题，为什么 第一次尝试失败是因为Qt5将自己安装在
〜/ Qt 中，而CMake则搜索了 *。cmake / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu / cmake / 中的配置文件（我没想到我使用的是 Ubuntu 16 LTS ，其中已预先安装了cmake 3.5.1）。

The main problem, why "First attempt" failed is because Qt5 installed itself in ~/Qt and CMake searched for *.cmake configuration files in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cmake/ (I didn't metion that i use Ubuntu 16 LTS, which have cmake 3.5.1 preinstalled).

所以解决此问题的方法是复制

So the way to solve this problem was to copy everything that was in

〜/ Qt / *最新cmake版本* / gcc_64 （在我的情况下为〜/ Qt / 5.13.0 / gcc_64 ）

通过 sudo cp -a〜/ Qt / 5.13.0 / gcc_64 /进入 / usr / lib / * / usr / lib /

into /usr/lib/ via sudo cp -a ~/Qt/5.13.0/gcc_64/* /usr/lib/

秒的答案很短：

发生这种情况是因为默认情况下，Qt Creator将CMake输出设置为Ninja makefile。

This happend because by default Qt Creator sets CMake output into Ninja makefiles.

转到工具> ;选项>工具包并添加所需的配置或编辑现有配置。

Go to Tools > Options > Kits and add desired configuration or edit existing.

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