生成所有可能的组合-Java [英] Generate All Possible Combinations - Java

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本文介绍了生成所有可能的组合-Java的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

我有一个项目{a,b,c,d}的列表,当我需要生成所有可能的组合时,

I have a list of items {a,b,c,d} and I need to generate all possible combinations when,


  • 您可以选择任意数量的项目

  • 顺序不重要(ab = ba)

  • 不考虑空集

如果我们抓住可能性,应该是

If we take the possibilities, it should be,

n=4, number of items
total #of combinations = 4C4 + 4C3 + 4C2 + 4C1 = 15

我使用了以下递归方法:

I used the following recursive method:

private void countAllCombinations (String input,int idx, String[] options) {
    for(int i = idx ; i < options.length; i++) {
        String output = input + "_" + options[i];
        System.out.println(output);
        countAllCombinations(output,++idx, options);
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String arr[] = {"A","B","C","D"};
    for (int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) {
        countAllCombinations(arr[i], i, arr);
    }
}

当数组大吗?

推荐答案

将组合视为二进制序列,如果全部存在4个,则得到1111,如果第一个字母丢失,则得到0111,以此类推。因此,对于n个字母,我们将具有2 ^ n -1(因为不包括0)组合。

Consider the combination as a binary sequence, if all the 4 are present, we get 1111 , if the first alphabet is missing then we get 0111, and so on.So for n alphabets we'll have 2^n -1 (since 0 is not included) combinations.

现在,在生成的二进制序列中,如果代码为1,则该元素存在,否则不包括在内。下面是概念验证的实现:

Now, in your binary sequence produced, if the code is 1 , then the element is present otherwise it is not included. Below is the proof-of-concept implementation:

String arr[] = { "A", "B", "C", "D" };
int n = arr.length;
int N = (int) Math.pow(2d, Double.valueOf(n));  
for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
    String code = Integer.toBinaryString(N | i).substring(1);
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        if (code.charAt(j) == '1') {
            System.out.print(arr[j]);
        }
    }
    System.out.println();
}

这是可重复使用的通用实现:

And here's a generic reusable implementation:

public static <T> Stream<List<T>> combinations(T[] arr) {
    final long N = (long) Math.pow(2, arr.length);
    return StreamSupport.stream(new AbstractSpliterator<List<T>>(N, Spliterator.SIZED) {
        long i = 1;
        @Override
        public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super List<T>> action) {
            if(i < N) {
                List<T> out = new ArrayList<T>(Long.bitCount(i));
                for (int bit = 0; bit < arr.length; bit++) {
                    if((i & (1<<bit)) != 0) {
                        out.add(arr[bit]);
                    }
                }
                action.accept(out);
                ++i;
                return true;
            }
            else {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }, false);
}

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