通用Lisp软件包和模块管理 [英] Common Lisp Package and Module Management

问题描述

我当前正在尝试了解Common Lisp如何管理其程序包和模块。

I am currently trying to understand how Common Lisp manages its packages and modules.

考虑以下代码：

(in-package :cl-user)

(ql:quickload :cl-who)
(ql:quickload :hunchentoot)
(ql:quickload :parenscript)

(defpackage :retro-games
  (:use :cl :cl-who :hunchentoot :parenscript))

(in-package :retro-games)

(defclass game ()
            ((name  :initarg  :name)
             (votes :initform 0)))

当我创建一个Slime缓冲区，然后在设置为Slime模式的另一个缓冲区中运行此代码时，我看到了一些打印内容在 * slime-repl sbcl * 的第一个缓冲区中：

When I create a Slime buffer and then run this code in another buffer that is set to Slime mode, I see some prints in the first buffer that is *slime-repl sbcl*:

Load 1 ASDF系统：
cl-who；加载 cl-who

Load 1 ASDF system: cl-who ; Loading "cl-who"

要加载 parenscript：加载1个ASDF系统：
parenscript；加载 parenscript ..

To load "parenscript": Load 1 ASDF system: parenscript ; Loading "parenscript" ..

加载 hunchentoot：加载1个ASDF系统：
hunchentoot；正在加载 hunchentoot ..............

To load "hunchentoot": Load 1 ASDF system: hunchentoot ; Loading "hunchentoot" ..............

也就是说，似乎有些在两个缓冲区之间进行对话。但是，如果我尝试运行（make-instance game（ Chess）），则会收到错误，因为 CL-USER 包不知道游戏类。

That is, there seems to be some "talking" going on between the two buffers. However, if I try to run (make-instance game("Chess")), I get an error because the CL-USER package does not know about the game class.

另一方面，如果我运行（在包中：复古游戏）在 slime repl sbcl 缓冲区中，我能够运行（制作实例游戏（国际象棋））。

On the other hand if I run (in-package :retro-games) in the slime repl sbcl buffer, I am able to run (make-instance game("Chess")).

问题是Common Lisp如何通过软件包组织其工作？在相关说明中，缓冲区为 slime repl sbcl 和缓冲区为 slime-mode 有什么区别？ ？

The question is how does Common Lisp organize its work with packages? On related note, what is the difference between a buffer being a slime repl sbcl and a buffer being in slime-mode?

这些软件包是否与Python的虚拟环境完全相似？也就是说， CL-WHO ， HUNCHENTOOT 和 PARENSCRIPT

Are the packages at all similar to Python's virtual environments? That is, where are the CL-WHO, HUNCHENTOOT and PARENSCRIPT being installed in my case? Do I have any choice over this?

推荐答案

首先，尝试（make-instance'game：name 国际象棋）。
注意，Common Lisp在Paarenthesis之间使用前缀表示法。因此，如果要调用 foo（ bar）之类的函数，则为（foo bar）。
如果需要，可以创建一个函数，例如：

First, try (make-instance 'game :name "Chess"). Note that Common Lisp uses prefixed notation between paarenthesis. So, if want to call a function like foo("bar"), it would be (foo "bar"). If you want, you can create a function like:

（defun new-game（game-name）
（make-instance'game：name游戏名称））

如果您使用的是Quicklisp，则可将软件包安装在您安装的位置已安装quicklisp。如果安装在您的主文件夹中，则软件包应位于 / home / user / quicklisp / dists / quicklisp / software / 。

If you are using Quicklisp, the packages me be installed at where you've installed quicklisp. If it is installed at your home folder, the packages should be at /home/user/quicklisp/dists/quicklisp/software/.

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