如何在CSS中创建径向菜单？ [英] How to create a radial menu in CSS?
本文介绍了如何在CSS中创建径向菜单？的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
如何创建看起来像这样的菜单：
（点击星标）
可在Chrome，Firefox中运行（有点怪异的模糊效果悬停时），Opera（端头看起来更小）& Safari（两端看起来更小）。
* {margin：0;填充：0; }正文{溢出：隐藏；} / *按钮&的通用样式圆形菜单* /。ctrl {位置：绝对；最高：70％；左：50％；字体：1.5em / 1.13 Verdana，无衬线；过渡：.5s;} / *通用链接样式* / a.ctrl，.ctrl a {display：block;不透明度：.56；背景：＃c9c9c9;颜色：＃7a8092；文本对齐：居中；文字修饰：无；文字阴影：0 -1px dimgrey;} a.ctrl：hover，.ctrl a：hover，a.ctrl：focus，.ctrl a：focus {不透明度：1； } a.ctrl：focus，.ctrl a：focus {轮廓：无； } .button {z-index：2;保证金：-.625em;宽度：1.25em;高度：1.25em;边界半径：50％； box-shadow：0 0 3px 1px白色；} / *圆形菜单* /。tip {z-index：1; / **轮廓：点缀1px白色； / ** /边距：-5em；宽度：10em;高度：10em；转换：scale（.001）;列表样式：无； opacity：0;} / *菜单的结尾* /。tip：before，.tip：after {position：absolute;最高：34.3％；宽度：.5em;高度：14％;不透明度：.56；背景：＃c9c9c9;内容：’’;}。tip：before {左：5.4％; border-radius：.25em 0 0 .25em; box-shadow：-1px 0 1px灰白色，插图1px 0 1px白色，插图-1px 0 1px灰色，插图0 1px 1px白色，插图0 -1px 1px白色;转换：rotate（-75deg）;}。tip：after {right：5.4％; border-radius：0 .25em .25em 0; box-shadow：1px 0 1px dimgrey，嵌入-1px 0 1px白色，嵌入1px 0 1px灰色，嵌入0 1px 1px白色，嵌入0 -1px 1px白色;变换：rotate（75deg）;} / *使菜单在单击时出现* /。button：focus + .tip {变换：scale（1）;透明度：1;} / *圆形菜单的切片* /。slice {溢出：隐藏；位置：绝对； / **轮廓：点缀1px黄色； / ** /宽度：50％；高度：50％; transform-origin：100％100％;} / * *以直角=（A / 2）°+（k-（n + 1）/ 2）* A°旋转每个切片*其中A是1的角度slice（在这种情况下为30°）* k是切片的数目（在此处{1,2,3,4,5}）*和n是slice的数目（在这种情况下为5）*公式适用于奇数切片数（n个奇数）*对于偶数个切片（n个偶数），旋转角度为（k-n / 2）* A°* *旋转后，在Y轴上倾斜90°-A°；这里A°= 1个切片的角度= 30°* /。slice：第一个孩子{转换：rotate（-45deg）偏斜Y（60deg）; } .slice：nth-child（2）{transform：rotation（-15deg）skewY（60deg）; } .slice：nth-child（3）{transform：rotation（15deg）skewY（60deg）; } .slice：nth-child（4）{transform：rotation（45deg）skewY（60deg）; } .slice：last-child {转换：rotate（75deg）偏斜Y（60deg）; } / *覆盖了链接的内部，因此在星形按钮&菜单链接；给他们红色背景以查看他们* /。slice：之后{位置：绝对；最高：32％；左：32％;宽度：136％;高度：136％;边界半径：50％； / *歪斜 =歪斜减去与歪斜母体相同的角度* /变换：skewY（-60deg）;内容：‘’；} / *菜单链接* /。切片a {宽度：200％;高度：200％;边界半径：50％； box-shadow：0 0 3px暗灰色，插图0 0 4px白色； / *歪斜&旋转-A°/ 2 * /变换：偏斜Y（-60deg）旋转（-15deg）;背景：/ *横向分隔符* /线性渐变（75deg，透明50％，灰色50％，透明54％）不重复36.5％0，线性渐变（-75deg，透明50％，灰色50％，透明54 ％）不重复63.5％0，/ *确保内部透明* /径向渐变（rgba（127,127,127,0）49％，rgba（255,255,255，.7）51％，＃c9c9c9 52％）;背景尺寸：15％15％，15％15％封面； line-height：1.4;} / *中间链接的箭头* /。slice：nth-child（3）a：之后{位置：绝对；最高：13％；左：50％；保证金：-.25em;宽度：.5em;高度：.5em；框阴影：2px 2px 2px白色；变换：rotate（45deg）;背景：线性渐变（-45deg，＃c9c9c9 50％，透明50％）；内容：'';}
< a class ='按钮ctrl'href ='＃'tabindex ='1'>★< / a>< ul class ='tip ctrl'> < li class =’slice’>< a href =’＃’>✦< / a>< / li> < li class =’slice’>< a href =’＃’>✿< / a>< / li> < li class =’slice’>< a href =’＃’>✵< / a>< / li> < li class =’slice’>< a href =’＃’>✪< / a>< / li> < li class ='slice'>< a href ='＃'>☀< / a>< / li>< / ul>
How do I create a menu which looks like so:
I don't want to use the PSD images. I would prefer using icons from some package like FontAwesome and have the backgrounds/css generated in CSS.
A version of the menu that is using the PSD to to generate images of the tooltip and then using it can be found here.
解决方案
Almost 3 years later, I finally made the time to revisit this and post an improved version. You can still view the original answer at the end for reference.
While SVG may be the better choice, especially today, my goal with this was to keep it just HTML and CSS, no JS, no SVG, no images (other than the background on the root element).
2015 demo
Screenshots
Chrome 43:
Firefox 38:
IE 11:
Code
The HTML is pretty simple. I'm using the checkbox hack to reveal/ hide the menu.
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>
I'm using Sass to keep this logical and make it easier to change things if needed. Heavily commented.
$d: 2em; // diameter of central round button
$r: 16em; // radius of menu
$n: 3; // must match number of list items in DOM
$exp: 3em; // menu item height
$tip: .75em; // dimension of tip on middle menu item
$w: .5em; // width of ends
$cover-dim: 2*($r - $exp); // dimension of the link cover
$angle: 15deg; // angle for a menu item
$skew-angle: 90deg - $angle; // how much to skew a menu item to $angle
$scale-factor: cos($skew-angle); // correction factor - see vimeo.com/98137613 from min 15
$off-angle: .125deg; // offset angle so we have a little space between menu items
// don't show the actual checkbox
input {
transform: translate(-100vw); // move offscreen
visibility: hidden; // avoid paint
}
// change state of menu to revealed on checking the checkbox
input:checked ~ ul {
transform: scale(1);
opacity: .999;
// ease out back from easings.net/#easeOutBack
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}
// position everything absolutely such that their left bottom corner
// is in the middle of the screen
label, ul, li {
position: absolute;
left: 50%; bottom: 50%;
}
// visual candy styles
label, a {
color: #858596;
font: 700 1em/ #{$d} sans-serif;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
cursor: pointer;
}
label {
z-index: 2; // place it above the menu which has z-index: 1
margin: -$d/2; // position correction such that it's right in the middle
width: $d; height: $d;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,
0 .125em .25em #876366,
0 .125em .5em #876366;
background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}
ul {
z-index: 1;
margin: -$r + $exp + 1.5*$d 0; // position correction
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
transform-origin: 50% (-$r + $exp);
transform: scale(.001); // initial state: scaled down to invisible
will-change: transform; // better perf on transitioning transform
opacity: .001; // initial state: transparent
filter: drop-shadow(0 .125em .25em #847c77)
drop-shadow(0 .125em .5em #847c77);
// ease in back, also from easings.net
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
// menu ends
&:before, &:after {
position: absolute;
margin: -$exp (-$w/2);
width: $w; height: $exp;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
content: '';
}
&:before {
border-radius: $w 0 0 $w;
transform: rotate(-.5*$n*$angle)
translate(-$w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
&:after {
border-radius: 0 $w $w 0;
transform: rotate(.5*$n*$angle)
translate($w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}
}
li {
overflow: hidden;
width: $r; height: $r;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
@for $i from 0 to $n {
&:nth-child(#{$i + 1}) {
$curr-angle: $i*$angle +
($i + .5)*$off-angle -
.5*$n*($angle + $off-angle);
// make each list item a rhombus rotated around its bottom left corner
// see explanation from minute 33:10 youtube.com/watch?v=ehjoh_MmE9A
transform: rotate($curr-angle)
skewY(-$skew-angle)
scaleX($scale-factor);
// add tip for the item n the middle, just a rotated square
@if $i == ($n - 1)/2 {
a:after {
position: absolute;
top: $exp; left: 50%;
margin: -$tip/2;
width: $tip; height: $tip;
transform: rotate(45deg);
box-shadow:
inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
background: linear-gradient(-45deg,
#bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
content: '';
}
}
}
}
a, &:before {
margin: 0 (-$r);
width: 2*$r; height: 2*$r;
border-radius: 50%;
}
&:before, &:after {
position: absolute;
border-radius: 50%;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item (parent li)
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle);
content: '';
}
// actual background of the arched menu items
&:before {
box-shadow:
inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff,
inset 0 0 $exp #ebe7e2,
inset 0 0 1px ($exp - .0625em) #c9c4bf,
inset 0 0 0 $exp #dcdcdc;
}
// cover to prevent click action in between the star and menu items
&:after {
top: 100%; left: 0;
margin: -$cover-dim/2;
width: $cover-dim; height: $cover-dim;
border-radius: 50%;
}
}
a {
display: block;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item and rotate into right position
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle)
rotate($angle/2);
line-height: $exp;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
}
html {
overflow: hidden;
background: url(http://i.imgur.com/AeFfmwL.jpg);
}
input {
/* move offscreen */
-webkit-transform: translate(-100vw);
-ms-transform: translate(-100vw);
transform: translate(-100vw);
/* avoid paint */
visibility: hidden;
}
input:checked ~ ul {
-webkit-transform: scale(1);
-ms-transform: scale(1);
transform: scale(1);
opacity: .999;
/* ease out back from easings.net */
-webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}
label, ul, li {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
bottom: 50%;
}
label, a {
color: #858596;
font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
cursor: pointer;
}
label {
z-index: 2;
margin: -1em;
width: 2em;
height: 2em;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white, 0 .125em .25em #876366, 0 .125em .5em #876366;
background: #d3d3d3;
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}
ul {
z-index: 1;
margin: -10em 0;
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
-webkit-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
-ms-transform-origin: 50% -13em;
transform-origin: 50% -13em;
-webkit-transform: scale(0.001);
-ms-transform: scale(0.001);
transform: scale(0.001);
/* for improved perf on transitioning transform
* https://twitter.com/paul_irish/status/608492121734193152
*/
will-change: transform;
opacity: .001;
-webkit-filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77);
-webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
}
ul:before, ul:after {
position: absolute;
margin: -3em -0.25em;
width: 0.5em;
height: 3em;
-webkit-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
-ms-transform-origin: 50% 100%;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
background: #d3d3d3;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
content: '';
}
ul:before {
border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em;
-webkit-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
-ms-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em);
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
ul:after {
border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0;
-webkit-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
-ms-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em);
box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}
li {
overflow: hidden;
width: 16em;
height: 16em;
-webkit-transform-origin: 0 100%;
-ms-transform-origin: 0 100%;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
}
li:nth-child(1) {
-webkit-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) {
-webkit-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li:nth-child(2) a:after {
position: absolute;
top: 3em;
left: 50%;
margin: -0.375em;
width: 0.75em;
height: 0.75em;
-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
-ms-transform: rotate(45deg);
transform: rotate(45deg);
box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
content: '';
}
li:nth-child(3) {
-webkit-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
-ms-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882);
}
li a, li:before {
margin: 0 -16em;
width: 32em;
height: 32em;
border-radius: 50%;
}
li:before, li:after {
position: absolute;
border-radius: 50%;
-webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
-ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg);
content: '';
}
li:before {
box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc;
}
li:after {
top: 100%;
left: 0;
margin: -13em;
width: 26em;
height: 26em;
border-radius: 50%;
}
a {
display: block;
-webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
-ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg);
line-height: 3em;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
}
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>
Original answer
My attempt at doing something of the kind with pure CSS:
demo
(click the star)
Works in Chrome, Firefox (a bit weirdish blur effect on hover), Opera (ends look smaller) & Safari (ends look smaller).
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* generic styles for button & circular menu */
.ctrl {
position: absolute;
top: 70%; left: 50%;
font: 1.5em/1.13 Verdana, sans-serif;
transition: .5s;
}
/* generic link styles */
a.ctrl, .ctrl a {
display: block;
opacity: .56;
background: #c9c9c9;
color: #7a8092;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
text-shadow: 0 -1px dimgrey;
}
a.ctrl:hover, .ctrl a:hover, a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { opacity: 1; }
a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { outline: none; }
.button {
z-index: 2;
margin: -.625em;
width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px white;
}
/* circular menu */
.tip {
z-index: 1;
/**outline: dotted 1px white;/**/
margin: -5em;
width: 10em; height: 10em;
transform: scale(.001);
list-style: none;
opacity: 0;
}
/* the ends of the menu */
.tip:before, .tip:after {
position: absolute;
top: 34.3%;
width: .5em; height: 14%;
opacity: .56;
background: #c9c9c9;
content: '';
}
.tip:before {
left: 5.4%;
border-radius: .25em 0 0 .25em;
box-shadow: -1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset 1px 0 1px white, inset -1px 0 1px grey,
inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
transform: rotate(-75deg);
}
.tip:after {
right: 5.4%;
border-radius: 0 .25em .25em 0;
box-shadow: 1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset -1px 0 1px white, inset 1px 0 1px grey,
inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white;
transform: rotate(75deg);
}
/* make the menu appear on click */
.button:focus + .tip {
transform: scale(1);
opacity: 1;
}
/* slices of the circular menu */
.slice {
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
/**outline: dotted 1px yellow;/**/
width: 50%; height: 50%;
transform-origin: 100% 100%;
}
/*
* rotate each slice at the right angle = (A/2)° + (k - (n+1)/2)*A°
* where A is the angle of 1 slice (30° in this case)
* k is the number of the slice (in {1,2,3,4,5} here)
* and n is the number of slices (5 in this case)
* formula works for odd number of slices (n odd)
* for even number of slices (n even) the rotation angle is (k - n/2)*A°
*
* after rotating, skew on Y by 90°-A°; here A° = the angle for 1 slice = 30°
*/
.slice:first-child { transform: rotate(-45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(2) { transform: rotate(-15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(15deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:nth-child(4) { transform: rotate(45deg) skewY(60deg); }
.slice:last-child { transform: rotate(75deg) skewY(60deg); }
/* covers for the inner part of the links so there's no hover trigger between
star button & menu links; give them a red background to see them */
.slice:after {
position: absolute;
top: 32%; left: 32%;
width: 136%; height: 136%;
border-radius: 50%;
/* "unskew" = skew by minus the same angle by which parent was skewed */
transform: skewY(-60deg);
content: '';
}
/* menu links */
.slice a {
width: 200%; height: 200%;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 3px dimgrey, inset 0 0 4px white;
/* "unskew" & rotate by -A°/2 */
transform: skewY(-60deg) rotate(-15deg);
background: /* lateral separators */
linear-gradient(75deg,
transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 36.5% 0,
linear-gradient(-75deg,
transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 63.5% 0,
/* make sure inner part is transparent */
radial-gradient(rgba(127,127,127,0) 49%,
rgba(255,255,255,.7) 51%, #c9c9c9 52%);
background-size: 15% 15%, 15% 15%, cover;
line-height: 1.4;
}
/* arrow for middle link */
.slice:nth-child(3) a:after {
position: absolute;
top: 13%; left: 50%;
margin: -.25em;
width: .5em; height: .5em;
box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px white;
transform: rotate(45deg);
background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #c9c9c9 50%, transparent 50%);
content: '';
}
<a class='button ctrl' href='#' tabindex='1'>★</a>
<ul class='tip ctrl'>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✦</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✿</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✵</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>✪</a></li>
<li class='slice'><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
</ul>
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