在python ctypes模块中将struct用作函数参数 [英] Using a struct as a function argument with the python ctypes module

问题描述

因此，我尝试将我编写的python C扩展名移植到使用ctypes模块将Windows上的结点/符号链接/等处理为纯Python。不幸的是，由于我以前对ctypes的使用非常有限，所以我认为我可能在某个地方犯了一个错误，导致我的代码无法正常运行。到目前为止，这是我得到的：

So I'm attempting to port a python C-extension I wrote for handling junctions/symbolic links/etc on Windows to pure Python using the ctypes module. Unfortunately, since my previous usage of ctypes is pretty limited, I think I may be making a mistake somewhere that is causing my code to function incorrectly. Here's what I have thus far:

from os import path
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *

# Python implementation of:
#
# typedef struct {
#       DWORD   ReparseTag;
#       DWORD   ReparseDataLength;
#       WORD    Reserved;
#       WORD    ReparseTargetLength;
#       WORD    ReparseTargetMaximumLength;
#       WORD    Reserved1;
#       WCHAR   ReparseTarget[1];
# } REPARSE_MOUNTPOINT_DATA_BUFFER, *PREPARSE_MOUNTPOINT_DATA_BUFFER;

class ReparsePoint(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("ReparseTag", DWORD),
        ("ReparseDataLength", DWORD),
        ("Reserved", WORD),

        ("ReparseTargetLength", WORD),
        ("ReparseTargetMaximumLength", WORD),
        ("Reserved1", WORD),
        ("ReparseTarget", c_wchar_p),
    ]

GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000
GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000

FILE_SHARE_DELETE = 0x00000004
FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001
FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002
FILE_SHARE_READ_WRITE = (FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)

OPEN_EXISTING = 3

IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT = 0xA0000003
REPARSE_MOUNTPOINT_HEADER_SIZE = 8

FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT = 589988
FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT = 2097152
FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS = 33554432
FILE_FLAG_REPARSE_BACKUP = 35651584 # FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT | FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS

INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1
LPOVERLAPPED = c_void_p
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES = c_void_p

NULL = 0
FALSE = BOOL(0)
TRUE = BOOL(1)

def CreateFile(filename, access, sharemode, creation, flags):
    return HANDLE(windll.kernel32.CreateFileW(
        LPWSTR(filename),
        DWORD(access),
        DWORD(sharemode),
        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(NULL),
        DWORD(creation),
        DWORD(flags),
        HANDLE(NULL)
    ))

def CreateDirectory(fpath):
    return windll.kernel32.CreateDirectoryW(LPWSTR(fpath), LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES(NULL)) != FALSE

def RemoveDirectory(fpath):
    return windll.kernel32.RemoveDirectoryW(LPWSTR(fpath)) != FALSE

def translate_path(fpath):
    fpath = path.abspath(fpath)
    if fpath[len(fpath)-1] == '\\' and fpath[len(fpath)-2] == ':':
        fpath = fpath[:len(fpath)-1]
    return '\\??\\%s' % fpath

def junction(source, link_name):
    """ Create a junction at link_name pointing to source directory. """
    if not path.isdir(source):
        raise Exception('Junction source does not exist or is not a directory.')

    link_name = path.abspath(link_name)
    if path.exists(link_name):
        raise Exception('Filepath for new junction already exists.')

    if not CreateDirectory(link_name):
        raise Exception('Failed to create new directory for target junction.')

    source = translate_path(source)
    hFile = CreateFile(link_name, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_REPARSE_BACKUP)
    if hFile == HANDLE(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE):
        raise Exception('Failed to open directory for junction creation.')

    datalen = len(source) * sizeof(c_wchar)
    reparseInfo = ReparsePoint(
        IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT,
        datalen + 12,
        0,
        datalen,
        datalen + sizeof(c_wchar),
        0,
        source
    )
    pReparseInfo = pointer(reparseInfo)

    print reparseInfo.ReparseTarget
    returnedLength = DWORD(0)
    result = BOOL(
        windll.kernel32.DeviceIoControl(
            hFile,
            DWORD(FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT),
            pReparseInfo,
            DWORD(reparseInfo.ReparseDataLength + REPARSE_MOUNTPOINT_HEADER_SIZE),
            LPVOID(NULL),
            DWORD(0),
            byref(returnedLength),
            LPOVERLAPPED(NULL)
        )
    ) == TRUE

    #if not result:
        #RemoveDirectory(link_name)

    windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(hFile)
    return result

print junction('G:\\cpp.workspace\\tools', 'test')
"""
Just putting this here for the moment so I know how to call the function.   

BOOL WINAPI DeviceIoControl(
  __in         HANDLE hDevice,
  __in         DWORD dwIoControlCode,
  __in_opt     LPVOID lpInBuffer,
  __in         DWORD nInBufferSize,
  __out_opt    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
  __in         DWORD nOutBufferSize,
  __out_opt    LPDWORD lpBytesReturned,
  __inout_opt  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
);
"""

当前运行时，代码为目标结点创建一个文件夹。 （在这种情况下，请进行测试）甚至似乎正在应用reparse标签向系统发出信号，表明该文件夹是联结。但是，与其指向 G：\cpp.workspace\tools（或更确切地说，到\ ?? \G：\cpp.workspace\tools），结点似乎指向：㢨\獬

Currently when run, the code creates a folder for the target junction. (In this case, test) It even seems to be applying the reparse tag to signal to the system that the folder is a junction. However, instead of pointing to "G:\cpp.workspace\tools" (or rather, to \??\G:\cpp.workspace\tools), the junction appears to be pointing to: 㢨\獬

现在，显然是reparseInfo.ReparseTarget的问题，但是我无法弄清楚自己做错了什么。

Now, obviously this is an issue with reparseInfo.ReparseTarget, but I've been unable to figure out what I did wrong.

推荐答案

WCHAR数组，而不是指针：

This is an array of WCHAR, not a pointer:

#       WCHAR   ReparseTarget[1];

[1]具有误导性，API期望在结构的末尾使用以null终止的字符串。

The [1] is misleading, the API expects a null-terminated string at the end of the struct.

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