通过python 3脚本为Windows构建.exe [英] build a .exe for Windows from a python 3 script

问题描述

我想为python 3脚本构建可执行文件：

I would like building an executable for a python 3 script that:

• 导入pyqtgraph（带有pyqt5）


• 导入theano和pymc3


• 也导入numpy，scipy，sys，os


• 打开一个用qt设计器制作并存储的简单GUI .ui文件中的


• 将分发到装有Windows 7+的计算机上

• imports pyqtgraph (with pyqt5)
• imports theano and pymc3
• also imports numpy, scipy, sys, os
• opens a simple GUI made with qt designer and stored in a ‘.ui' file
• will be distributed on machines with Windows 7+

我在几个小时内尝试了几种工具（py2exe，pyinstaller，pynsist，cx_Freeze），但每次都失败。我的更糟糕的结果是使用pyinstaller（请参见下文），没有theano部分（因此也没有脚本的一部分）。有人可以帮我吗？

I tried several tools (py2exe, pyinstaller, pynsist, cx_Freeze) during hours but failed each time. my 'less worse’ result was with pyinstaller (see below) without theano part (and so without a part of the script). Can anyone help me ?

我有3个文件：2个'.py'文件（一个带有主要定义，另一个带有一堆定义）和一个'.ui描述GUI。该脚本会进行一些统计分析，然后绘制一些曲线。

I have 3 files: 2 '.py' files (1 with the main and the other with a bunch of definitions) and a '.ui' describing the GUI. The script makes some statistical analyses, then plots some curves.

这是我使用python 3.5和cx_Freeze失败的一个示例（我认为这是我尝试过的最先进的尝试，但我并不特别局限于那些工具）：我将3个文件放在Windows机器上的目录中，该机器上的所有安装都很痛苦（使用anaconda）。我添加了一个文件'setup.py'，对于cx_Freeze，它是：

Here is an example of my failure with python 3.5 and cx_Freeze (which I think is the most advanced try I had, but I’m not restricted to those tools in particular): I put my 3 files in a directory on a windows machine where everything was painfully installed (with anaconda). I add a file ’setup.py’, which for cx_Freeze is:

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
import os

os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Program Files\Python 3.5\tcl\tcl8.6'
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = r'C:\Program Files\Python 3.5\tcl\tk8.6'
os.environ['PYQTGRAPH_QT_LIB'] = 'PyQt5'

setup(
    name = ‘concentrationprofiles',
    version = '0.1',
    description = 'simple tool to simulate concentration profiles. preliminary',
    author = 'SPH',
    options = dict(
        build_exe = dict(
            packages = ['os','sys','numpy','theano','pymc3','pyqtgraph'],#omitting ‘scipy’ ! for some reason when I put ’scipy’ in this list the building fails, but it works without… probably the ‘import scipy’ inside the code is properly interpreted
            includes = ['numpy.core._methods','numpy.lib.format',
                        'pyqtgraph.debug','pyqtgraph.functions',
                        'pyqtgraph.ThreadsafeTimer','cp_util_jul17'],
            include_files = ['GUI_cprofiles_jul17.ui']
        )),
    executables = [Executable(
        script='cprofiles_jul17.py',
        base='Win32GUI',
        targetName=‘concentprofiles.exe'
        )]
    )

然后我在包含4个文件的目录中的anaconda提示符（相当于我所知的命令提示符）中执行命令行 python setup.py build。经过大量的情节和几小时的战斗之后，建筑物看起来不错（100行，没有错误消息，直到结束），它创建了一个带有 exe.win-amd64-3.5子目录的 build目录，其中包含所需的所有内容+ .exe。但是，当我尝试运行此.exe时，我什么也没得到：没有错误消息，没有控制台或窗口打开，没有快速打开关闭窗口，而且我找不到日志…什么都没有

I then execute the command line ’python setup.py build’ in the anaconda prompt (equivalent to the command prompt to my knowledge) in the directory with the 4 files. After a lot of episodes and hours of fighting, the building looks fine (100s lines with no error message and going until the end), it creates a ‘build’ directory with a ‘exe.win-amd64-3.5’ subdirectory containing everything needed + the .exe. But when I try and run this .exe I get nothing: no error message, no console or window opening, no fast opening-closing and I can’t find a log… just nothing

我试图将'base'选项从'Win32GUI'更改为base ='Console'和base = None。在这些情况下，我猜有一个快速的控制台打开关闭操作，因为找不到日志，所以我无法阅读。

I tried to change the ‘base’ option from ‘Win32GUI’ to base=’Console’ and base=None. In these cases I guess there is a fast console-opening-closing that I cannot read since I don’t find the log.

在其他情况下，其他一些不良结果尝试：

Here are few other bad results during other tries:

• py2exe：原来与我通常的python 3.6不兼容，所以我降级到3.5。但是即使在3.5中，几行之后它仍然冻结：再次没有错误消息，没有控制台或窗口打开，没有快速打开关闭窗口，而且我找不到日志…什么也没有。甚至没有 build目录。再次，我也尝试使用python 3.4替代方法，但是遇到了有关缺少的 msvcr100.dll的错误，我尝试按照以下说明在论坛上进行安装。当我最终获得修改系统目录的权限时，一条指令 regsvr32失败了（不是仅32位吗？但是没有 regsvr64…）。我最终放弃了

• py2exe: turns out to be incompatible with my usual python 3.6, so I downgraded to 3.5. But even in 3.5, after a few lines it froze: once again no error message, no console or window opening, no fast opening-closing and I can’t find a log… just nothing. not even a ‘build’ directory. Another time I also tried an alternative with python 3.4 but I got an error concerning a missing ‘msvcr100.dll’ that I tried to install following instructions on forums. When I eventually got the permission to modify system directories, an instruction ‘regsvr32’ failed (isn’t this for 32 bits only ? but there is no ‘regsvr64’…). I eventually gave up

pyinstaller：查看更新

pyinstaller: see updates

pynsist：pynsist的原理是您没有可执行文件，而只有安装程序。为什么不 ？只要我可以分发代码，就不需要.exe。不幸的是，在构建安装程序（没有错误）并安装它（再次没有可见错误）之后，该程序没有提供任何内容，就像在cx_Freeze情况下一样。

pynsist: The principle of pynsist is that you don’t get an executable but an installer only. Why not ? I don’t need a .exe as long as I can distribute the code. Unfortunately, after building the installer (with no error) and installing it (again with no visible error), the program gives nothing, like in the cx_Freeze case.

我可以根据需要添加指向脚本文件的链接。

I can add a link to the script files if you want/need.

更新八月18，2017，9:20 am

update august, 18, 2017, 9:20am

根据建议，我打开了一个有关pyinstaller的新帖子：使用pyinstaller从theano导入theano的python 3脚本为Windows构建.exe 。

Following the suggestion, I opened a new post concerning pyinstaller: build a .exe for Windows from a python 3 script importing theano with pyinstaller.

我邀请您回答有关pyinstaller的问题。如果我的问题是使用py2exe或cx_freeze解决的，则此问题将被标记为已回答。

I invite you to answer the pyinstaller concerns there. This question will be marked as answered if my problem is solved with py2exe or cx_freeze.

9月2日下午2点更新：

update september, 2, 2pm:

在许多情节之后，我最终设法用pyinstaller构建了一个.exe。

I eventually managed to build a .exe with pyinstaller after many episodes.

不幸的是，我未能应对 theano模块（在我的情况下是 pymc3模块所必需的），我不得不修改.py文件并放弃了部分应用程序。有人可以帮我用'theano'模块为Windows 7+构建.exe吗？

Unfortunately I failed to deal with the ‘theano’ module (that is required in my case by the ‘pymc3’ module) and I had to modify the .py files and give up part of the application. Could anyone help me building a .exe for windows 7+, with the ‘theano’ module ?

推荐答案

要创建可执行文件Python程序，请在CMD中运行以下命令。首先，您需要使用以下命令安装pyinstaller：

To create an executable file of your Python program, run the following command in CMD.First you need to install pyinstaller, with the following command:

pip install pyinstaller

然后执行以下操作来创建Python程序的一个可执行文件，首先，转到程序路径（带有 cd ）的Python（.py）文件所在的位置，然后：

And then do the following to create one executable file of your Python program, first, Go to your program path, (with cd) where your Python (.py) file is, and then:

pyinstaller -w -F YourPyFile

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