在Windows 10上使用Nuitka将Python 3.6脚本编译为独立exe [英] Compile Python 3.6 script to standalone exe with Nuitka on Windows 10

问题描述

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• 操作系统:Windows 10(64位)
• Python版本:3.6或更高版本
• Python编译器:Nuitka，开发版本0.5.30rc5
• MSVC编译器:Visual Studio 2017社区vcvars64.bat

 

 

我将首先解释如何构建可执行文件.假设我有一个要构建的带有简单python脚本的文件夹:

I'll first explain how I build my executable. Suppose I have a folder with a simple python script that I want to build:

buildscript.py 看起来像这样:

#####################################################
#               NUITKA BUILD SCRIPT                 #
#####################################################
# Author: Matic Kukovec
# Date: April 2018

import os
import platform


NUITKA = "C:/Python36/Scripts/nuitka3-script.py"  # Path where my nuitka3-script.py is
CWD = os.getcwd().replace("\\", "/")
MSVC = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat"
PYTHON_VERSION = "3.6"
PYTHON_EXE_PATH= "C:/Python36/python.exe"
NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION = 1 # 1 is the safest choice, but you can try more

# Generate command
command = '"{}" amd64 &'.format(MSVC)
command += "{} ".format(PYTHON_EXE_PATH)
command += "{} ".format(NUITKA)
command += "--python-version={} ".format(PYTHON_VERSION)
command += "--output-dir={}/output ".format(CWD)
command += "--verbose "
command += "--jobs={} ".format(NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION)
command += "--show-scons "
# command += "--windows-disable-console "
# command += "--icon={}/myicon.ico ".format(CWD)
command += "--standalone "
# command += "--run "
command += "{}/cubeimporter.py ".format(CWD)
os.system(command)

print("END")

 

 

构建完成后，该文件夹如下所示(请参见下图).如您所见，可执行文件旁还有许多其他文件.我可以看到 .dll 和 .pyd 文件.

After the build finishes, the folder looks like this (see picture below). As you can see, there are plenty of other files sitting next to the executable. I can see .dll and .pyd files.

 

 

我希望我可以只构建一个独立的可执行文件.无需dll-或其他文件.当我将可执行文件放在拇指驱动器上并将其粘贴到另一台计算机(运行Windows 10，64位)时，它应该可以正常工作.即使那台计算机上没有安装Python.

I wish I could build just a standalone executable. No dll- or other files needed. When I put the executable on a thumb drive and stick it into another computer (running Windows 10, 64-bit), it should just work. Even if there is no Python installed on that computer.

Nuitka可以做到吗?
如果不是，是否可以使用其他Python编译器?
请一一提供所有必要的步骤:-)

Is this possible with Nuitka?
If no, is it possible with another Python compiler?
Please provide all the steps needed, one-by-one :-)

推荐答案

例如，单个可执行文件比Nuitka更容易.PyInstaller: pyinstaller --onefile program.py (要为GUI应用程序禁用控制台窗口，请添加 -w 选项).

Easier than Nuitka for a single executable is e.g. PyInstaller: pyinstaller --onefile program.py (to disable the console window for GUI applications add the -w option).

要使用Nuitka创建单个可执行文件，可以从生成的文件创建SFX存档.您可以使用-standalone 选项运行Nuitka，该选项会生成一个 program_dist 目录.

To create a single executable with Nuitka, you can create a SFX archive from the generated files. You can run Nuitka with the --standalone option which generates a program_dist directory.

然后创建一个7压缩SFX配置文件 config.txt :;！@ Install @！UTF-8！GUIMode ="2"ExecuteFile ="%% T/program_dist/program.exe";！@ InstallEnd @！

Create then a 7-Zip SFX config file config.txt: ;!@Install@!UTF-8! GUIMode="2" ExecuteFile="%%T/program_dist/program.exe" ;!@InstallEnd@!

然后从 https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm (从版本– 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z )中解压缩 7zsd_All_x64.sfx 文件.

Then get the 7-Zip SFX from https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm (from releases – 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z) and unpack the 7zsd_All_x64.sfx file.

然后用7-Zip将 program_dist 打包(因此该文件夹包含在存档中)到program.7z.然后，可以使用 copy/b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe 创建SFX.

Pack then the program_dist with 7-Zip (so the folder is included in the archive) to program.7z. Then, an SFX can be created with copy /b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe.

在Unix上，如果您创建tar归档文件并将其附加到可解压缩并解压缩的Shell脚本中，则还可以创建自己的SFX，有关详细信息，请参见

On Unix, you can also create yourself an SFX if you create a tar archive and append it to a shell script which extract it and unpack it, for details see https://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005818.

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