cx_Oracle无法识别要在Linux上安装的Oracle软件安装位置 [英] cx_Oracle does not recognize location of Oracle software installation for installation on Linux

问题描述

我已经能够在Windows 8笔记本电脑上成功安装可与Python 3.4一起使用的cx_Oracle，现在我正尝试将相同的设置（具有Python 3.4的cx_Oracle）安装到Linux机器上。从cx_Oracle-5.1.3.tar.gz运行setup.py文件时，出现以下错误：

I have been able to successfully install cx_Oracle for use with Python 3.4 on my Windows 8 laptop, and I am now trying to get the same setup (cx_Oracle with Python 3.4) onto a Linux machine. When running the setup.py file from cx_Oracle-5.1.3.tar.gz, I end up with this error:

    sudo python3 setup.py install
    Traceback (most recent call last):
       File "setup.py", line 135, in <module>
          raise DistutilsSetupError("cannot locate an Oracle software " \
    distutils.errors.DistutilsSetupError: cannot locate an Oracle software installation

在我查看了其他一些答案之后（在Windows上轻松安装cx_Oracle（Python软件包）， https：// gist.github.com/jarshwah/3863378 ）我已经安装了这3个即时客户端rpm：

Following some other answers I looked at (easy_install cx_Oracle (python package) on Windows, https://gist.github.com/jarshwah/3863378) I have installed these 3 instant client rpms:

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.1-sqlplus-12.1.0.2.0-1.i386.rpm

然后我将ORACLE_HOME设置为它们安装到的文件夹，这应该是为了帮助python识别oracle文件的位置，以便它可以执行

And then I set ORACLE_HOME to the folder that they were installed to, which is supposed to help python identify the location of the oracle files so it can do the installation properly.

每次尝试运行setup.py文件时，我仍然会收到相同的找不到Oracle软件安装错误。

I still get the same "cannot locate an Oracle software installation" error each time I try to run the setup.py file.

您知道要成功安装cx_oracle需要做些什么吗？

Any idea what I need to do to be able to successfully install cx_oracle?

更新以获取更多信息：

echo $ ORACLE_HOME返回 / instantclient_12_1 ，这是安装rpm文件的位置。

echo $ORACLE_HOME returns /instantclient_12_1, which is where the rpm files installed to.

这是我的/ instantclient_12_1目录的内容：

This is the contents of my /instantclient_12_1 directory:

adrci                  libnnz12.so       libsqlplusic.so  tnsnames.ora
BASIC_README           libocci.so        libsqlplus.so    tnsnames.ora_andy
genezi                 libocci.so.12.1   ojdbc6.jar       uidrvci
glogin.sql             libociei.so       ojdbc7.jar       xstreams.jar
libclntshcore.so.12.1  libocijdbc12.so   sdk
libclntsh.so           libons.so         sqlplus
libclntsh.so.12.1      liboramysql12.so  SQLPLUS_README

这与我的Windows 8安装目录有一点不同-一个目录具有 .dll 和 .sym 文件，例如 orasql12.dll 。即时客户端安装的Linux版本是否应该具有不同的文件？

This is a bit different from the directory I have for my Windows 8 install - that one has .dll and .sym files, like orasql12.dll. Should the Linux version of the instant client install have different files?

使用部分解决方案进行更新：

我找到了一个正确安装了cx_Oracle的解决方案，但仅在该shell实例中：

I found a solution that installed cx_Oracle properly, but only during that shell instance:

我设置了这两个环境变量：

I set these two environment variables:

export ORACLE_HOME=/instantclient_12_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

然后我创建了一个符号链接：

And then I created a Symbolic link:

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

之后，转到 cx_oracle 文件夹并执行此操作：

After that, going to the cx_oracle folder and doing this worked:

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

由于某些原因， sudo python3 setup.py install 对此无效。

For some reason, sudo python3 setup.py install did not work for this.

使用相关问题的链接进行更新：

我的下一个问题是获取环境变量保留在shell实例外部，因此我不必每次都定义环境变量。当我回显它们时，我放入profile.d中的环境变量会显示出来，但是python无法正确导入cx_oracle，由于某种原因，我必须再次导出环境变量。我不知道发布与问题相关的其他问题的正确过程，因此在这里打开了一个新问题：

My next problem is getting the environment variables to persist outside of the shell instance so I don't have to define the environment variables each time. The environment variables I put in profile.d show up when I echo them, but python fails to import cx_oracle properly, and I have to export the environment variables again for some reason. I don't know the proper procedure for posting a different question related to one, so I opened a new question here:

Linux profile.d环境变量不适用于Python中的cx_oracle

请帮我解决这个问题，我完全陷于尝试使之起作用的方面。当我回显它们时，会显示环境变量，但是如果我在运行python代码之前再次将其导出，则它们似乎才起作用。

Please help me out with this, I feel completely stuck on what to try to make it work. The environment variables show up when I echo them, but they only seem to be functional if I export them again before running the python code.

推荐答案

已更新

以建议使用Petriborg ，将 LD_RUN_PATH 设置为构建时间将包括在安装过程中构建的 cx_Oracle 共享库中Oracle共享库文件的路径。正如我在第一个答案中所建议的那样，这消除了对 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 的需求。

As Petriborg suggested, setting LD_RUN_PATH at build time will include the path to the Oracle shared library files in the cx_Oracle shared library that is built during installation. This obviates the need for LD_LIBRARY_PATH as I suggested in my first answer.

对于您使用的RPM，应将 ORACLE_HOME 设置为 /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client 。如果您使用的是 pip ：

For the RPMs that you are using, ORACLE_HOME should be set to /usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client. If you are using pip:

$ export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client
$ export LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client/lib:$LD_RUN_PATH
$ pip install cx_Oracle
$ python -c 'import cx_Oracle; print(cx_Oracle.version)'
5.1.3

阅读此文档，以获取有关安装和执行使用客户端库的应用程序的一些信息。

Read this documentation for some info on installing and executing applications that use the client libraries.

这篇关于cx_Oracle无法识别要在Linux上安装的Oracle软件安装位置的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！