如何使用Cython将Python 3编译为C [英] How to use Cython to compile Python 3 into C
问题描述
我正在尝试将Python 3脚本转换为C，然后将该C文件编译为可执行文件。
I'm trying to convert a Python 3 script into C and then compile that C file into an executable.
我有一个简单的python脚本：
I have this simple python script:
def greet(name = ""):
print("Hello {0}".format(name if len(name) > 0 else "World"))
greet("Mango")
我已使用以下脚本将此脚本转换为C：
I've converted this script into C using:
cython greet.py -o greet.c
然后我使用以下命令编译了C文件：
Then I've compiled the C file using:
cc greet.c -o greet
之后我输入的最后一条命令我得到了错误：
After I entered the last command I got the error:
严重错误：Python.h：没有这样的文件或目录编译终止。
fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.
收到错误后，我回过头来意识到我正在使用Python3，并且忘记了 cython之后的 3。 br />
因此，使用以下命令重新编译了python脚本：
After I got the error I went back and realised that I was using Python3 and that I had forgot the "3" after "cython".
So re-compiled the python script using:
cython3 greet.py -o greet.c
然后尝试使用以下方法重新编译C文件：
Then attempted to re-compile the C file using:
cc greet.c -o greet
再次失败，并抛出相同的错误，所以我继续在SO和Google上搜索，发现了以下问题：
Again this failed and threw the same error so I went searching on SO and Google and found these questions:
- 严重错误：Python.h：无此类文件或目录
- 我有Python在我的Ubuntu系统上，但是gcc找不到Python.h
- https://askubuntu.com/questions/526708/fatal-error-python-h-no-file-or-directory
- fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
- I have Python on my Ubuntu system, but gcc can't find Python.h
- https://askubuntu.com/questions/526708/fatal-error-python-h-no-file-or-directory
这些问题中的所有答案均无效。
None of these answers in these questions work.
我已确保已安装cython所有正确的依存关系使用 apt-get install 和 pip install 的用户遗憾地认为它似乎仍然无法正常工作。
I've made sure that I have installed cython all of the correct dependencies using apt-get install and pip install sadly thought it still does not seem to work.
推荐答案
检查文档。 gcc xc -ox 还不够。
此页说明了编译： http://docs.cython.org/src/reference/compilation.html
还有很多，但是直接的答案是：
There's a lot more to it, but a direct answer is:
编译.c文件会有所不同取决于您的操作系统。用于编写扩展模块的Python文档应包含有关系统的一些详细信息。这里我们以Linux系统为例：
Compiling your .c files will vary depending on your operating system. Python documentation for writing extension modules should have some details for your system. Here we give an example on a Linux system:
$ gcc -shared -pthread -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fno-strict-aliasing
- I / usr / include / python2.7 -o yourmod.so yourmod.c
$ gcc -shared -pthread -fPIC -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/python2.7 -o yourmod.so yourmod.c
当然，在您的情况下更接近 -I / usr / include / python3.4 ，甚至 $（pkg-config --libs --cflags python3）。而且您没有使用共享的进行构建，因为您想要一个可执行文件。
Of course in your situation it's going to be something closer to -I/usr/include/python3.4, or even $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3). And you're not building with -shared, because you want an executable.
最短的时间这必须有效命令集为：
Shortest "this has to work" set of commands is:
cython3 --embed greet.py -o greet.c
gcc $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) greet.c -o greet
您需要安装 pkg-config （如果丢失）。
You need to install pkg-config if it's missing.
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