如何为Git存储库启用ident字符串? [英] How do I enable the ident string for a Git repository?

问题描述

如何在Git存储库中的文件上启用ident $Id$?

How do I enable ident $Id$ on files in a Git repository?

推荐答案

摘要: 建议在产品中嵌入版本信息的方法是使用为此构建系统；有关详细信息和替代方法，请参见下文.

Summary: The recommended way of embedding version information in a product is to use the build system for that; see below for details and alternate approaches.

在Git中(而且我认为通常在具有原子提交的其他VCS系统中也是如此)不存在 单个文件 的版本.

In Git (and I think usually also in other VCS systems with atomic commits) there is no such thing like version of a single file.

Git确实支持按需扩展$Id:$关键字，但是:

Git does support on-demand expansion of $Id:$ keyword, but:

1. 只能应要求完成.您必须指定(或使用全局模式)文件(或文件集)具有ident 属性设置(在树中的".gitattributes"文件中，或在本地存储库设置的".git/info/attributes"中).
2. 它扩展为文件内容的SHA-1 (或更确切地说，为$Id:<sha-1 of blob>$).选择该选项的原因是，Git不会触摸在分支切换或倒带过程中未更改的文件.如果'$ Id:$'扩展到修订信息，则需要更新每个版本控制的文件，例如切换分支时.

1. It is done on request only. You have to specify (perhaps using globbing pattern) that a file (or a set of files) has an ident attribute set (in '.gitattributes' file in tree, or in '.git/info/attributes' for local repository settings).
2. It expands to the SHA-1 of file contents (or to be more exact to $Id:<sha-1 of blob>$). The reason for this choice is that Git does not touch files that have not changed during branch switching or rewinding; if '$Id:$' expanded to revision info it would require to update every version-controlled file e.g. when switching branches.

Git支持大量的$Format:...$占位符，它们可以扩展为提交信息(例如，用提交哈希替换$Format:%H$)，但是:

Git supports quite a wide set of $Format:...$ placeholders which expands to commit information (e.g. $Format:%H$ replaced by a commit hash) but:

1. 仅在运行 git时，完成扩展存档 ，位于其输出文件中.
2. 这是根据请求完成的，通过export-subst属性进行控制.

1. Expansion is done only when running git archive, in its output file.
2. It is done on request, controlled via export-subst attribute.

建议的嵌入版本信息的方法是通过构建系统进行(在构建阶段)；例如，请参见Git Makefile 和 GIT- Makefile在git.git存储库的Git Web界面中使用的VERSION-GEN 脚本.

The recommended way of embedding version information is to do it via the build system (in a build stage); see for example Git Makefile and GIT-VERSION-GEN script used by Makefile in the Git web interface for the git.git repository.

但是，您可以(ab)使用清理/污迹过滤器驱动程序(通过filter属性)来获得类似于CVS的关键字扩展，在结帐时扩展关键字，并在将内容输入存储库时清理它们.

You can however (ab)use a clean/smudge filter driver (via filter attribute) to get CVS-like keyword expansion, expanding keywords on checkout, and cleaning them up on entering contents to the repository.

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