如何为 Git 存储库启用 ident 字符串? [英] How do I enable the ident string for a Git repository?

问题描述

如何在 Git 存储库中的文件上启用 ident $Id$?

How do I enable ident $Id$ on files in a Git repository?

推荐答案

总结: 在产品中嵌入版本信息的推荐方式是使用 为此构建系统；有关详细信息和替代方法，请参见下文.

Summary: The recommended way of embedding version information in a product is to use the build system for that; see below for details and alternate approaches.

在 Git 中(我认为在其他具有原子提交的 VCS 系统中通常也有)没有像一个单个文件的版本这样的东西.

In Git (and I think usually also in other VCS systems with atomic commits) there is no such thing like version of a single file.

Git 确实支持 $Id:$ 关键字的按需扩展，但是:

Git does support on-demand expansion of $Id:$ keyword, but:

1. 仅应要求完成.您必须指定(可能使用通配模式)一个文件(或一组文件)具有 ident 属性 集(在树中的 '.gitattributes' 文件中，或在本地存储库设置的 '.git/info/attributes' 中).
2. 它扩展到文件内容的 SHA-1(或更准确地说是 $Id:$).这个选择的原因是，在分支切换或回绕过程中，Git 不会接触没有改变的文件；如果$Id:$"扩展为修订信息，则需要更新每个版本控制文件，例如切换分支时.

1. It is done on request only. You have to specify (perhaps using globbing pattern) that a file (or a set of files) has an ident attribute set (in '.gitattributes' file in tree, or in '.git/info/attributes' for local repository settings).
2. It expands to the SHA-1 of file contents (or to be more exact to $Id:<sha-1 of blob>$). The reason for this choice is that Git does not touch files that have not changed during branch switching or rewinding; if '$Id:$' expanded to revision info it would require to update every version-controlled file e.g. when switching branches.

Git 支持相当多的 $Format:...$ 占位符，这些占位符扩展到提交信息(例如 $Format:%H$ 被提交哈希替换) 但是:

Git supports quite a wide set of $Format:...$ placeholders which expands to commit information (e.g. $Format:%H$ replaced by a commit hash) but:

1. 扩展仅在运行 git 时完成存档，在其输出文件中.
2. 它根据请求完成，通过export-subst属性控制.

1. Expansion is done only when running git archive, in its output file.
2. It is done on request, controlled via export-subst attribute.

推荐的嵌入版本信息的方式是通过构建系统(在构建阶段)；参见例如 Git Makefile 和 GIT-git.git 存储库的 Git Web 界面中 Makefile 使用的 VERSION-GEN 脚本.

The recommended way of embedding version information is to do it via the build system (in a build stage); see for example Git Makefile and GIT-VERSION-GEN script used by Makefile in the Git web interface for the git.git repository.

然而，您可以 (ab) 使用清洁/涂抹过滤器驱动程序(通过 filter 属性)获得类似 CVS 的关键字扩展，在结帐时扩展关键字，并在将内容输入到存储库.

You can however (ab)use a clean/smudge filter driver (via filter attribute) to get CVS-like keyword expansion, expanding keywords on checkout, and cleaning them up on entering contents to the repository.

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