使用某些参数调用命令有效，但不适用于其他参数，但可以从控制台使用 [英] calling command with some arguments works but not with others but works from console

问题描述

以下代码可以正常工作并输出10个进程的详细信息.

The following code works and outputs details of 10 processes.

package main

import (
    "os/exec"
)

func main() {
    print(top())
}

func top() string {
    app := "/usr/bin/top"

    cmd := exec.Command(app, "-n 10", "-l 2")
    out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()

    if err != nil {
        return err.Error() + " " + string(out)
    }

    value := string(out)
    return value
}

但是，当我尝试使用附加参数"-o cpu"进行相同操作时(例如cmd:= exec.Command(app，"-o cpu"，"-n 10"，"-l 2")) .我收到以下错误.

However, when I try the same with an additional argument of "-o cpu" (e.g. cmd := exec.Command(app, "-o cpu", "-n 10", "-l 2")). I get the following error.

exit status 1 invalid argument -o:  cpu
/usr/bin/top usage: /usr/bin/top
        [-a | -d | -e | -c <mode>]
        [-F | -f]
        [-h]
        [-i <interval>]
        [-l <samples>]
        [-ncols <columns>]
        [-o <key>] [-O <secondaryKey>]
        [-R | -r]
        [-S]
        [-s <delay>]
        [-n <nprocs>]
        [-stats <key(s)>]
        [-pid <processid>]
        [-user <username>]
        [-U <username>]
        [-u]

但是我的控制台中的命令"top -o cpu -n 10 -l 2"可以正常工作.另外，我正在使用OS X 10.9.3.

But the command "top -o cpu -n 10 -l 2" from my console works fine. Also I'm using OS X 10.9.3.

推荐答案

分隔参数.

top -o cpu -n 10 -l 2不是您正在执行的 .您作为命令参数传递的内容等同于在外壳程序中使用top "-o cpu" "-n 10" "-l 2"(如果尝试，它将提供完全相同的输出).

top -o cpu -n 10 -l 2 is not what you are executing. What you're passing as arguments to the command is equivalent to using top "-o cpu" "-n 10" "-l 2" in a shell (which if you try, it will give you the exact same output).

大多数命令都会严格将其解析为3个参数.由于POSIX参数不需要空格，因此top会分隔-o作为第一个选项，并将其余部分用作其参数.对于数字参数，这主要是偶然产生的，但对于-o来说，它查找的是名为" cpu"的字段，而没有.

Most commands will strictly parse that as 3 arguments. Since POSIX arguments don't require a space, top splits off the -o as the first option, and uses the rest as its argument. This works for the numerical arguments mostly by accident, but the for -o it looks for a field named " cpu", which there isn't.

相反，使用

exec.Command(app, "-o", "cpu", "-n", "10", "-l", "2")

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