消息传递系统中的IPC-直接通信 [英] IPC in Message-Passing Systems - Direct Communication

问题描述

根据《操作系统概念》一书，它说:

According to the book 'operating systems concepts', it says:

使用直接通信时，每个想要通信的过程都必须 明确命名通讯的收件人或发件人.这 该方案在寻址方面表现出对称性.在此方案中，发送和 接收原语的定义为:

With direct communication, each process that wants to communicate must explicitly name the recipient or sender of the communication. This scheme exhibits symmetry in addressing. In this scheme, the send and receive primitives are defined as:

• 发送(P，消息):发送消息以处理P
• 接收(Q，消息)-从进程Q接收消息.

在不对称情况下，只有发件人为收件人命名；收件人不是 要求为发件人命名.在此方案中，发送和接收 原语定义如下:

In asymmetry only the sender names the recipient; the recipient is not required to name the sender. In this scheme, the send and receive primitives are defined as follows:

• 发送(P，消息):发送消息以处理P.
• receive(id，message):从任何进程接收消息；变量id设置为与之通信的进程的名称 已经发生了.

• Send(P, message): Send a message to process P.
• receive(id, message):Receive a message from any process; the variable id is set to the name of the process with which communication has taken place.

我不明白有什么区别?在非对称方案中，receive()调用是否不需要指定发件人ID?

I can't understand what is the difference? In asymmetric scheme, doesn't the receive() call need to specify the sender id?

推荐答案

区别在于receive()调用未指定发件人ID.这意味着发件人:收件人关系是多对一(N:1)，而对称情况是1:1.许多实现提供了辅助机制来模糊这种影响.

That the receive() call does not specify the sender id is the difference. The implication is that the sender:receiver relationship is many to one (N:1), whereas the symmetric case is 1:1. Many implementations offer secondary mechanisms to blur this implications.

在N:1的情况下，需要对处理多个同时发送者的机制进行一些解释.解释涉及政策:先到先得；随机的;优先级，容量:#线程，以及调度参数和约束的继承.

In the N:1 case, there needs to be some explanation of the mechanisms for handling multiple simultaneous senders. Explanations involve policy:first come first served; random; priority, capacity: #-threads, and perhaps inheritance of scheduling parameters and constraints.

在1:1情况下，不需要策略或容量，可以安全地假设继承是先天的.因此，1:1案例更适合自动化分析.

In the 1:1 case, there is no need for policy or capacity, and it is safe to assume inheritance is innate. Thusly, the 1:1 case is more amenable to automated analysis.

允许动态配置sender:receiver对的1:1系统可能比这些已识别系统更加复杂.在这种系统中，发送者可以通过实例化该发送者的接收者的某个过程来发现接收者.在这种安排中，发现策略，容量，继承属性更加复杂.

A 1:1 system that permits dynamic configuration of sender:receiver pairs can be even more complex than these identified systems. In this sort of system, a sender may discover a receiver by some process which instantiates a receiver for this sender. Uncovering the policy,capacity,inheritance attributes is more complex in this sort of arrangement.

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