连接到BLE设备 [英] Connect to BLE device

问题描述

因此，我制作了这个应用程序，在其中找到了所有带名称的BLE设备.但是我如何才能使其中一个特定字段(可单击并自动连接到该设备)成为一体，以便我可以开始从该设备进行写入/读取操作?

So I've made this app, where I find all BLE Devices with a name. But how can I make one of the specific fields, clickable and automatic connect to the device, so I can start writing/reading from it?

适配器

public class ListAdapter_BTLE_Devices extends ArrayAdapter<BTLE_Device> {

    Activity activity;
    int layoutResourceID;
    ArrayList<BTLE_Device> devices;

    public ListAdapter_BTLE_Devices(Activity activity, int resource, ArrayList<BTLE_Device> objects) {
        super(activity.getApplicationContext(), resource, objects);
        this.activity = activity;
        layoutResourceID = resource;
        devices = objects;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

        if (convertView == null) {
            LayoutInflater inflater =
                    (LayoutInflater) activity.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
            convertView = inflater.inflate(layoutResourceID, parent, false);
        }

        BTLE_Device device = devices.get(position);
        String name = device.getName();
        String address = device.getAddress();
        int rssi = device.getRSSI();

        TextView BLE_name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_name);
        if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
            BLE_name.setText(device.getName());
        }
        else {
            BLE_name.setText("No Name");
        }

        TextView BLE_rssi = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_rssi);
        BLE_rssi.setText("RSSI: " + Integer.toString(rssi));

        TextView BLE_macaddr = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_macaddr);
        if (address != null && address.length() > 0) {
            BLE_macaddr.setText("MAC-addr: "+device.getAddress());
        }
        else {
            BLE_macaddr.setText("No Address");
        }

        return convertView;
    }
}

编辑

我认为我现在可能已加入关贸总协定，所以我要做的是..首先，我从 Mainactivity 获取MAC地址，然后将其保存在一个intent中，并在onclick上启动了另一个活动.我在这里做了 DeviceAddress = intent.getStringExtra(MainActivity.EXTRAS_BLE_ADDRESS);

I think i might be connected to the GATT now, so what I've done is.. To start with i get the MAC-addr from the Mainactivity and then I saved it in a intent, and started another activity onclick. Here I did the follwing DeviceAddress = intent.getStringExtra(MainActivity.EXTRAS_BLE_ADDRESS);

BluetoothDevice设备= mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(DeviceAddress);

device.connectGatt(this，false，mGattCallback);

当我调用connectGatt时，它会显示消息 Log.d(TAG，连接状态:1"); ，这是正确的方法吗?

and when I call connectGatt it prints the message Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 1");, is this the right way to do it?

private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Connection State Change: "+status+" -> "+connectionState(newState));
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS && newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                /*
                 * Once successfully connected, we must next discover all the services on the
                 * device before we can read and write their characteristics.
                 */
                Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 1");
                gatt.discoverServices();
            } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS && newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                /*
                 * If at any point we disconnect, send a message to clear the weather values
                 * out of the UI
                 */
                Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 2");
            } else if (status != BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                /*
                 * If there is a failure at any stage, simply disconnect
                 */
                Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 3");
                gatt.disconnect();
            }
        }

推荐答案

如果您在使用蓝牙LE时遇到问题，建议您使用我的蓝牙le库(不要重新发明轮子，这花了我大约3/4个月的时间创建库，蓝牙通信可能确实很棘手)，它是开源的，因此您也可以看到具有实现示例的代码，我将您链接到github页面:

If you have problems with Bluetooth LE I suggest you to use my bluetooth le library (don't reinvent the wheel, it tooks me about 3/4 months to make the library, a bluetooth le communication can be really tricky to make), it is open source so you can also see the code for having an example of implementation, I link you the github page: https://github.com/niedev/BluetoothCommunicator

要在项目中使用该库，必须将jitpack.io添加到根build.gradle(项目)中:

For use the library in a project you have to add jitpack.io to your root build.gradle (project):

allprojects {
    repositories {
        ...
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

然后将最新版本的BluetoothCommunicator添加到您的应用程序build.gradle

Then add the last version of BluetoothCommunicator to your app build.gradle

dependencies {
        implementation 'com.github.niedev:BluetoothCommunicator:1.0.6'
}

要使用此库，请将以下权限添加到清单中:

To use this library add these permissions to your manifest:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

然后添加android:largeHeap =" true" ;；清单中的应用程序标签:
例子

Then add android:largeHeap="true" to the application tag in the manifest:
Example

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<application
    android:name="com.bluetooth.communicatorexample.Global"
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:largeHeap="true"
    android:theme="@style/Theme.Speech">
    <activity android:name="com.bluetooth.communicatorexample.MainActivity"
        android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize">

        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
</application>

一旦下载了libray并设置了清单，就需要创建一个蓝牙通信器对象，该对象可以处理蓝牙低能耗库的所有操作，如果要管理多个活动中的蓝牙连接，我建议您可以将该对象保存为扩展Application并创建getter的自定义类的属性，以便可以通过以下任何活动或服务访问bluetoothCommunicator:

Once you have downloaded the libray and set the manifest, you need to create a bluetooth communicator object, it is the object that handles all operations of bluetooth low energy library, if you want to manage the bluetooth connections in multiple activities I suggest you to save this object as an attribute of a custom class that extends Application and create a getter so you can access to bluetoothCommunicator from any activity or service with:

((custom class name) getApplication()).getBluetoothCommunicator();

下一步是初始化bluetoothCommunicator，参数为:上下文，其他设备看到我们的名称(限制为18个字符，并且只能是BluetoothTools.getSupportedUTFCharacters(context)中列出的字符，因为字节数广告信标的限制)和策略(目前唯一受支持的策略是BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION)

Next step is to initialize bluetoothCommunicator, the parameters are: a context, the name by which the other devices will see us (limited to 18 characters and can be only characters listed in BluetoothTools.getSupportedUTFCharacters(context) because the number of bytes for advertising beacon is limited) and the strategy (for now the only supported stategy is BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION)

bluetoothCommunicator = new BluetoothCommunicator(this, "device name", BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION);

然后添加蓝牙通讯器回调，该回调将侦听蓝牙通讯器的所有事件:

Then add the bluetooth communicator callback, the callback will listen for all events of bluetooth communicator:

bluetoothCommunicator.addCallback(new BluetoothCommunicator.Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onBluetoothLeNotSupported() {
        super.onBluetoothLeNotSupported();
        
        Notify that bluetooth low energy is not compatible with this device
    }
   
    @Override
    public void onAdvertiseStarted() {
        super.onAdvertiseStarted();

        Notify that advertise has started, if you want to do something after the start of advertising do it here, because
        after startAdvertise there is no guarantee that advertise is really started (it is delayed)
    }

    @Override
    public void onDiscoveryStarted() {
        super.onDiscoveryStarted();

        Notify that discovery has started, if you want to do something after the start of discovery do it here, because
        after startDiscovery there is no guarantee that discovery is really started (it is delayed)
    }

    @Override
    public void onAdvertiseStopped() {
        super.onAdvertiseStopped();

        Notify that advertise has stopped, if you want to do something after the stop of advertising do it here, because
        after stopAdvertising there is no guarantee that advertise is really stopped (it is delayed)
    }

    @Override
    public void onDiscoveryStopped() {
        super.onDiscoveryStopped();

        Notify that discovery has stopped, if you want to do something after the stop of discovery do it here, because
        after stopDiscovery there is no guarantee that discovery is really stopped (it is delayed)
    }

    @Override
    public void onPeerFound(Peer peer) {
        super.onPeerFound(peer);
        
        Here for example you can save peer in a list or anywhere you want and when the user
        choose a peer you can call bluetoothCommunicator.connect(peer founded) but if you want to
        use a peer for connect you have to have peer updated (see onPeerUpdated or onPeerLost), if you use a
        non updated peer the connection might fail
        instead if you want to immediate connect where peer is found you can call bluetoothCommunicator.connect(peer) here
    }

    @Override
    public void onPeerLost(Peer peer){
        super.onPeerLost(peer);
        
        It means that a peer is out of range or has interrupted the advertise,
        here you can delete the peer lost from a eventual collection of founded peers
    }

    @Override
    public void onPeerUpdated(Peer peer,Peer newPeer){
        super.onPeerUpdated(peer,newPeer);

        It means that a founded peer (or connected peer) has changed (name or address or other things),
        if you have a collection of founded peers, you need to replace peer with newPeer if you want to connect successfully to that peer.

        In case the peer updated is connected and you have saved connected peers you have to update the peer if you want to successfully
        send a message or a disconnection request to that peer.
    }

    @Override
    public void onConnectionRequest(Peer peer){
        super.onConnectionRequest(peer);

        It means you have received a connection request from another device (peer) (that have called connect)
        for accept the connection request and start connection call bluetoothCommunicator.acceptConnection(peer);
        for refusing call bluetoothCommunicator.rejectConnection(peer); (the peer must be the peer argument of onConnectionRequest)
    }

    @Override
    public void onConnectionSuccess(Peer peer,int source){
        super.onConnectionSuccess(peer,source);

        This means that you have accepted the connection request using acceptConnection or the other
        device has accepted your connection request and the connection is complete, from now on you
        can send messages or data (or disconnection request) to this peer until onDisconnected

        To send messages to all connected peers you need to create a message with a context, a header, represented by a single character string
        (you can use a header to distinguish between different types of messages, or you can ignore it and use a random
        character), the text of the message, or a series of bytes if you want to send any kind of data and the peer you want to send the message to
        (must be connected to avoid errors), example: new Message(context,"a","hello world",peer);
        If you want to send message to a specific peer you have to set the sender of the message with the corresponding peer.

        To send disconnection request to connected peer you need to call bluetoothCommunicator.disconnect(peer);
    }

    @Override
    public void onConnectionFailed(Peer peer,int errorCode){
        super.onConnectionFailed(peer,errorCode);

        This means that your connection request is rejected or has other problems,
        to know the cause of the failure see errorCode (BluetoothCommunicator.CONNECTION_REJECTED
        means rejected connection and BluetoothCommunicator.ERROR means generic error)
    }

    @Override
    public void onConnectionLost(Peer peer){
        super.onConnectionLost(peer);

        This means that a connected peer has lost the connection with you and the library is trying
        to restore it, in this case you can update the gui to notify this problem.

        You can still send messages in this situation, all sent messages are put in a queue
        and sent as soon as the connection is restored
    }

    @Override
    public void onConnectionResumed(Peer peer){
        super.onConnectionResumed(peer);
        
        Means that connection lost is resumed successfully
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessageReceived(Message message,int source){
        super.onMessageReceived(message,source);

        Means that you have received a message containing TEXT, for know the sender you can call message.getSender() that return
        the peer that have sent the message, you can ignore source, it indicate only if you have received the message
        as client or as server
    }

    @Override
    public void onDataReceived(Message data,int source){
        super.onDataReceived(data,source);

        Means that you have received a message containing DATA, for know the sender you can call message.getSender() that return
        the peer that have sent the message, you can ignore source, it indicate only if you have received the message
        as client or as server
    }

    @Override
    public void onDisconnected(Peer peer,int peersLeft){
        super.onDisconnected(peer,peersLeft);

        Means that the peer is disconnected, peersLeft indicate the number of connected peers remained
    }

    @Override
    public void onDisconnectionFailed(){
        super.onDisconnectionFailed();

        Means that a disconnection is failed, super.onDisconnectionFailed will reactivate bluetooth for forcing disconnection
        (however the disconnection will be notified in onDisconnection)
    }
});

最后，您可以开始发现和/或宣传:

Finally you can start discovery and/or advertising:

bluetoothCommunicator.startAdvertising();
bluetoothCommunicator.startDiscovery();

我之前编写的回调代码中的注释说明了所有其他可以执行的操作.

All other actions that can be done are explained with the comments in the code of callback I wrote before.

这篇关于连接到BLE设备的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！