连接到 BLE 设备 [英] Connect to BLE device
问题描述
所以我制作了这个应用程序，在那里我可以找到所有带有名称的 BLE 设备.但是，如何使特定字段之一可点击并自动连接到设备，以便我可以开始写入/读取它?
So I've made this app, where I find all BLE Devices with a name. But how can I make one of the specific fields, clickable and automatic connect to the device, so I can start writing/reading from it?
适配器
public class ListAdapter_BTLE_Devices extends ArrayAdapter<BTLE_Device> {
Activity activity;
int layoutResourceID;
ArrayList<BTLE_Device> devices;
public ListAdapter_BTLE_Devices(Activity activity, int resource, ArrayList<BTLE_Device> objects) {
super(activity.getApplicationContext(), resource, objects);
this.activity = activity;
layoutResourceID = resource;
devices = objects;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
if (convertView == null) {
LayoutInflater inflater =
(LayoutInflater) activity.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
convertView = inflater.inflate(layoutResourceID, parent, false);
}
BTLE_Device device = devices.get(position);
String name = device.getName();
String address = device.getAddress();
int rssi = device.getRSSI();
TextView BLE_name = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_name);
if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
BLE_name.setText(device.getName());
}
else {
BLE_name.setText("No Name");
}
TextView BLE_rssi = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_rssi);
BLE_rssi.setText("RSSI: " + Integer.toString(rssi));
TextView BLE_macaddr = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.BLE_macaddr);
if (address != null && address.length() > 0) {
BLE_macaddr.setText("MAC-addr: "+device.getAddress());
}
else {
BLE_macaddr.setText("No Address");
}
return convertView;
}
}
编辑
我想我现在可能已经连接到 GATT，所以我所做的是..首先，我从 Mainactivity 获取 MAC 地址，然后将其保存在一个意图中，并开始另一个活动 onclick.在这里我做了以下DeviceAddress = intent.getStringExtra(MainActivity.EXTRAS_BLE_ADDRESS);
I think i might be connected to the GATT now, so what I've done is..
To start with i get the MAC-addr from the Mainactivity and then I saved it in a intent, and started another activity onclick.
Here I did the follwing
DeviceAddress = intent.getStringExtra(MainActivity.EXTRAS_BLE_ADDRESS);
BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(DeviceAddress);
device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
当我调用 connectGatt 时，它会打印消息 Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 1");，这是正确的方法吗?
and when I call connectGatt it prints the message Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 1");, is this the right way to do it?
private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
Log.d(TAG, "Connection State Change: "+status+" -> "+connectionState(newState));
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS && newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
/*
* Once successfully connected, we must next discover all the services on the
* device before we can read and write their characteristics.
*/
Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 1");
gatt.discoverServices();
} else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS && newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
/*
* If at any point we disconnect, send a message to clear the weather values
* out of the UI
*/
Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 2");
} else if (status != BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
/*
* If there is a failure at any stage, simply disconnect
*/
Log.d(TAG, "Connection State: 3");
gatt.disconnect();
}
}
推荐答案
如果你有蓝牙 LE 的问题我建议你使用我的蓝牙 le 库(不要重新发明轮子，我花了大约 3/4 个月的时间制作库，蓝牙文件通信可能真的很难制作)，它是开源的，因此您还可以查看实现示例的代码，我将您链接到 github 页面:https://github.com/niedev/BluetoothCommunicator
If you have problems with Bluetooth LE I suggest you to use my bluetooth le library (don't reinvent the wheel, it tooks me about 3/4 months to make the library, a bluetooth le communication can be really tricky to make), it is open source so you can also see the code for having an example of implementation, I link you the github page: https://github.com/niedev/BluetoothCommunicator
要在项目中使用该库，您必须将 jitpack.io 添加到您的根 build.gradle(项目):
For use the library in a project you have to add jitpack.io to your root build.gradle (project):
allprojects {
repositories {
...
maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
}
}
然后将最新版本的 BluetoothCommunicator 添加到您的应用 build.gradle
Then add the last version of BluetoothCommunicator to your app build.gradle
dependencies {
implementation 'com.github.niedev:BluetoothCommunicator:1.0.6'
}
要使用此库，请将这些权限添加到您的清单中:
To use this library add these permissions to your manifest:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
然后添加 android:largeHeap="true";到清单中的应用程序标签:
示例
Then add android:largeHeap="true" to the application tag in the manifest:
Example
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<application
android:name="com.bluetooth.communicatorexample.Global"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:largeHeap="true"
android:theme="@style/Theme.Speech">
<activity android:name="com.bluetooth.communicatorexample.MainActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
一旦你下载了库并设置了清单，你需要创建一个蓝牙通信器对象，它是处理蓝牙低功耗库所有操作的对象，如果你想在多个活动中管理蓝牙连接我建议您可以将此对象保存为自定义类的属性，该类扩展了 Application 并创建了一个 getter，以便您可以通过以下方式从任何活动或服务访问 bluetoothCommunicator:
Once you have downloaded the libray and set the manifest, you need to create a bluetooth communicator object, it is the object that handles all operations of bluetooth low energy library, if you want to manage the bluetooth connections in multiple activities I suggest you to save this object as an attribute of a custom class that extends Application and create a getter so you can access to bluetoothCommunicator from any activity or service with:
((custom class name) getApplication()).getBluetoothCommunicator();
下一步是初始化bluetoothCommunicator，参数是:一个上下文，其他设备看到我们的名称(限制为18个字符，只能是BluetoothTools.getSupportedUTFCharacters(context)中列出的字符，因为字节数广告信标是有限的)和策略(目前唯一支持的策略是BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION)
Next step is to initialize bluetoothCommunicator, the parameters are: a context, the name by which the other devices will see us (limited to 18 characters and can be only characters listed in BluetoothTools.getSupportedUTFCharacters(context) because the number of bytes for advertising beacon is limited) and the strategy (for now the only supported stategy is BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION)
bluetoothCommunicator = new BluetoothCommunicator(this, "device name", BluetoothCommunicator.STRATEGY_P2P_WITH_RECONNECTION);
然后添加蓝牙通讯器回调，回调会监听蓝牙通讯器的所有事件:
Then add the bluetooth communicator callback, the callback will listen for all events of bluetooth communicator:
bluetoothCommunicator.addCallback(new BluetoothCommunicator.Callback() {
@Override
public void onBluetoothLeNotSupported() {
super.onBluetoothLeNotSupported();
Notify that bluetooth low energy is not compatible with this device
}
@Override
public void onAdvertiseStarted() {
super.onAdvertiseStarted();
Notify that advertise has started, if you want to do something after the start of advertising do it here, because
after startAdvertise there is no guarantee that advertise is really started (it is delayed)
}
@Override
public void onDiscoveryStarted() {
super.onDiscoveryStarted();
Notify that discovery has started, if you want to do something after the start of discovery do it here, because
after startDiscovery there is no guarantee that discovery is really started (it is delayed)
}
@Override
public void onAdvertiseStopped() {
super.onAdvertiseStopped();
Notify that advertise has stopped, if you want to do something after the stop of advertising do it here, because
after stopAdvertising there is no guarantee that advertise is really stopped (it is delayed)
}
@Override
public void onDiscoveryStopped() {
super.onDiscoveryStopped();
Notify that discovery has stopped, if you want to do something after the stop of discovery do it here, because
after stopDiscovery there is no guarantee that discovery is really stopped (it is delayed)
}
@Override
public void onPeerFound(Peer peer) {
super.onPeerFound(peer);
Here for example you can save peer in a list or anywhere you want and when the user
choose a peer you can call bluetoothCommunicator.connect(peer founded) but if you want to
use a peer for connect you have to have peer updated (see onPeerUpdated or onPeerLost), if you use a
non updated peer the connection might fail
instead if you want to immediate connect where peer is found you can call bluetoothCommunicator.connect(peer) here
}
@Override
public void onPeerLost(Peer peer){
super.onPeerLost(peer);
It means that a peer is out of range or has interrupted the advertise,
here you can delete the peer lost from a eventual collection of founded peers
}
@Override
public void onPeerUpdated(Peer peer,Peer newPeer){
super.onPeerUpdated(peer,newPeer);
It means that a founded peer (or connected peer) has changed (name or address or other things),
if you have a collection of founded peers, you need to replace peer with newPeer if you want to connect successfully to that peer.
In case the peer updated is connected and you have saved connected peers you have to update the peer if you want to successfully
send a message or a disconnection request to that peer.
}
@Override
public void onConnectionRequest(Peer peer){
super.onConnectionRequest(peer);
It means you have received a connection request from another device (peer) (that have called connect)
for accept the connection request and start connection call bluetoothCommunicator.acceptConnection(peer);
for refusing call bluetoothCommunicator.rejectConnection(peer); (the peer must be the peer argument of onConnectionRequest)
}
@Override
public void onConnectionSuccess(Peer peer,int source){
super.onConnectionSuccess(peer,source);
This means that you have accepted the connection request using acceptConnection or the other
device has accepted your connection request and the connection is complete, from now on you
can send messages or data (or disconnection request) to this peer until onDisconnected
To send messages to all connected peers you need to create a message with a context, a header, represented by a single character string
(you can use a header to distinguish between different types of messages, or you can ignore it and use a random
character), the text of the message, or a series of bytes if you want to send any kind of data and the peer you want to send the message to
(must be connected to avoid errors), example: new Message(context,"a","hello world",peer);
If you want to send message to a specific peer you have to set the sender of the message with the corresponding peer.
To send disconnection request to connected peer you need to call bluetoothCommunicator.disconnect(peer);
}
@Override
public void onConnectionFailed(Peer peer,int errorCode){
super.onConnectionFailed(peer,errorCode);
This means that your connection request is rejected or has other problems,
to know the cause of the failure see errorCode (BluetoothCommunicator.CONNECTION_REJECTED
means rejected connection and BluetoothCommunicator.ERROR means generic error)
}
@Override
public void onConnectionLost(Peer peer){
super.onConnectionLost(peer);
This means that a connected peer has lost the connection with you and the library is trying
to restore it, in this case you can update the gui to notify this problem.
You can still send messages in this situation, all sent messages are put in a queue
and sent as soon as the connection is restored
}
@Override
public void onConnectionResumed(Peer peer){
super.onConnectionResumed(peer);
Means that connection lost is resumed successfully
}
@Override
public void onMessageReceived(Message message,int source){
super.onMessageReceived(message,source);
Means that you have received a message containing TEXT, for know the sender you can call message.getSender() that return
the peer that have sent the message, you can ignore source, it indicate only if you have received the message
as client or as server
}
@Override
public void onDataReceived(Message data,int source){
super.onDataReceived(data,source);
Means that you have received a message containing DATA, for know the sender you can call message.getSender() that return
the peer that have sent the message, you can ignore source, it indicate only if you have received the message
as client or as server
}
@Override
public void onDisconnected(Peer peer,int peersLeft){
super.onDisconnected(peer,peersLeft);
Means that the peer is disconnected, peersLeft indicate the number of connected peers remained
}
@Override
public void onDisconnectionFailed(){
super.onDisconnectionFailed();
Means that a disconnection is failed, super.onDisconnectionFailed will reactivate bluetooth for forcing disconnection
(however the disconnection will be notified in onDisconnection)
}
});
最后您可以开始发现和/或广告:
Finally you can start discovery and/or advertising:
bluetoothCommunicator.startAdvertising();
bluetoothCommunicator.startDiscovery();
其他所有可以做的动作都用我之前写的回调代码中的注释来解释.
All other actions that can be done are explained with the comments in the code of callback I wrote before.
这篇关于连接到 BLE 设备的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
