如何在符号的第一次出现和它的第二次出现之间的特定行中替换文本 [英] How to replace text in a specific line between first appearence of a symbol and second appearence of it

问题描述

所以，假设我有一些像这样的文本文件:

  aaaa:bbbb:cccc:ddddeeee:ffff:gggg:hhhhiiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll 

，并且我需要一个命令，该命令使我能够替换可变行中第一和第二:之间的内容.我设法做到了这一点，但显然只是在中间添加了文本:sed $ lineNumber's/:/:'$ pass'/'users.txt

如果我想替换第一个和第二个:"之间的内容，则命令给出的结果应该像这样.第二行带有"asd"

  aaaa:bbbb:cccc:ddddeeee:asd:gggg:hhhhiiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll 

解决方案

awk 的工作:

  awk -v col ="2"；-v行="2"-v sep =:"-v new ="asd"'BEGIN {FS = OFS = sep} NR == row {$ col = new} {print}'文件 

或

  awk'NR == row {$ col = new} 1'col ='2'row ='2'FS =':'OFS =':'new ='asd'文件 

输出:

aaaa:bbbb:cccc:ddddeeee:asd:gggg:hhhhiiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll

---

请参阅: 8个强大的Awk内置变量– FS ， OFS ，RS，ORS， NR ，NF，文件名，FNR

So, let's say I have some text file like this:

aaaa:bbbb:cccc:dddd
eeee:ffff:gggg:hhhh
iiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll

and I need a command that makes me able to replace what is in between the first and second : in a variable line. I managed to do something like this but it's obviously just adding the text in the middle: sed $lineNumber' s/:/:'$pass'/' users.txt

the result given by the command should be someting like this if I want to replace what is in between the first and second ":" of the second line with "asd"

aaaa:bbbb:cccc:dddd
eeee:asd:gggg:hhhh
iiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll

解决方案

A job for awk:

awk -v col="2" -v row="2" -v sep=":" -v new="asd" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=sep} NR==row{$col=new} {print}' file

or

awk 'NR==row{$col=new}1' col='2' row='2' FS=':' OFS=':' new='asd' file

Output:

aaaa:bbbb:cccc:dddd
eeee:asd:gggg:hhhh
iiii:jjjj:kkkk:llll

---

See: 8 Powerful Awk Built-in Variables – FS, OFS, RS, ORS, NR, NF, FILENAME, FNR

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