一连串命令的别名 [英] Alias for a chain of commands

问题描述

我有一个 tool ，其中包含以下命令: step1 ， step2 和 step3 .

I have a tool with commands: step1, step2 and step3.

我可以通过以下方式链接它们:

I can chain them by calling:

$工具step1 step2 step3

我想要一个名为 all 的别名，以通过调用以下命令来运行所有步骤:

I would like to have an alias named all to run all the steps by calling:

$工具全部

我找到了一个可行的解决方案，但由于在后台调用了两次 cli()，这对我来说似乎不合适:

I have found a solution that works but it doesn't seem right for me because of calling cli() twice under the hood:

@click.group(chain=True)
def cli():
    print('cli() has been called')

...

@cli.command()
def all():
    cli(args=['step1', 'step2', 'step3'])

在没有两次调用 cli()的副作用的情况下，该怎么办呢?

How else could this be done without the side effect of calling cli() twice?

推荐答案

提供一些别名的一种方法是拦截命令并直接操作 args 列表.可以使用以下自定义类完成此操作:

One way to provide some aliases is to intercept the command and directly manipulate the args list. That can be done with a custom class like:

此类重写 click.Group .__ call __()方法，以允许在调用命令处理器之前编辑 args 列表.此外，它会覆盖 format_epilog 来添加别名的帮助文档.

This class overrides the click.Group.__call__() method to allow editing the args list before calling the command processor. In addition it overrides format_epilog to add help documentation for the aliases.

class ExpandAliasesGroup(click.Group):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.aliases = kwargs.pop('aliases', {})
        super(ExpandAliasesGroup, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if args and args[0] and args[0][0] in self.aliases:
            alias = self.aliases[args[0][0]]
            args[0].pop(0)
            for command in reversed(alias):
                args[0].insert(0, command)
        return super(ExpandAliasesGroup, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs)

    @property
    def alias_help(self):
        return '\n'.join(
            '{}:  {}'.format(alias, ' '.join(commands))
            for alias, commands in sorted(self.aliases.items())
        )

    def format_epilog(self, ctx, formatter):
        """Inject our aliases into the help string"""

        if self.aliases:
            formatter.write_paragraph()
            formatter.write_text('Aliases:')
            with formatter.indentation():
                formatter.write_text(self.alias_help)

        # call the original epilog
        super(ExpandAliasesGroup, self).format_epilog(ctx, formatter)

使用自定义类

通过将 cls 参数和别名字典传递给 click.group()装饰器， ExpandAliasesGroup 类可以执行别名扩展.

Using the Custom Class

By passing the cls parameter, and a dict of aliases to the click.group() decorator, the ExpandAliasesGroup class can do alias expansion.

aliases = dict(all='command1 command2 command3'.split())

@click.group(chain=True, cls=ExpandAliasesGroup, aliases=aliases)
def cli():
    ....

这是如何工作的?

之所以有用，是因为click是一个设计良好的OO框架. @ click.group()装饰器通常会实例化 click.Group 对象，但允许使用 cls 参数覆盖此行为.因此，从我们自己的类中的 click.Group 继承并覆盖所需的方法是相对容易的事情.

How does this work?

This works because click is a well designed OO framework. The @click.group() decorator usually instantiates a click.Group object but allows this behavior to be over ridden with the cls parameter. So it is a relatively easy matter to inherit from click.Group in our own class and over ride the desired methods.

通过覆盖 __ call __ 方法，我们可以拦截所有命令调用.然后，如果args列表以已知的别名开头，我们将通过删除该别名命令并将其替换为别名来编辑args列表.

By overriding the __call__ method we can intercept all command calls. Then if the list of args starts with a known alias, we edit the args list by removing that aliased command and replacing it with the aliases.

通过覆盖 format_epilog 方法，我们可以为别名添加帮助文档.

By overriding the format_epilog method we can add help documentation for the aliases.

import click

aliases = dict(all='command1 command2 command3'.split())

@click.group(cls=ExpandAliasesGroup, chain=True, aliases=aliases)
def cli():
    pass

@cli.command()
def command1():
    click.echo('Command 1')

@cli.command()
def command2():
    click.echo('Command 2')

@cli.command()
def command3():
    click.echo('Command 3')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    commands = (
        'command1',
        'command3',
        'command1 command2',
        'all',
        '--help',
    )

    for cmd in commands:
        try:
            print('-----------')
            print('> ' + cmd)
            cli(cmd.split())
        except:
            pass        
    

测试结果:

-----------
> command1
Command 1
-----------
> command3
Command 3
-----------
> command1 command2
Command 1
Command 2
-----------
> all
Command 1
Command 2
Command 3
-----------
> --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]...

Options:
  --help  Show this message and exit.

Commands:
  command1  Command #1 comes first
  command2  Command #2 is after command #1
  command3  Command #3 saves the best for last

Aliases:
  all:  command1 command2 command3

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