为模板化类模拟静态构造函数 [英] Emulating static constructors for templated classes
问题描述
我想要一个带有静态数据成员的模板化类,并通过模拟静态构造函数"对其进行初始化.对于非模板类,这已经得到回答(请参见静态构造函数?).但是,所有答案似乎都不适用于模板化类.
I would like to have a templated class with a static data member, and initialize it by emulating a "static constructor." For a non-templated class, this has already been answered (see static constructors in C++? I need to initialize private static objects and What is a static constructor?). However, none of the answers seem to work for a templated class.
下面是一个示例,该示例尝试将先前答案中的静态构造函数"惯用语改编为模板化类.(请注意,该示例只是初始化 int
,并且可以在没有此类构造函数的情况下编写;但是,我需要一个通用的解决方案.)
The following is an example that tries to adapt the "static constructor" idiom from the previous answers to a templated class. (Note that the example is simply initializing an int
and could be written without such constructors; however, I require a general solution.)
#include <iostream>
struct Foo
{
static int x;
static struct init
{
init()
{
std::cout << "Initializing Foo..." << std::endl;
x = 1;
}
} initializer;
};
int Foo::x;
Foo::init Foo::initializer;
template<int N>
struct Bar
{
static int x;
static struct init
{
init()
{
std::cout << "Initializing Bar..." << std::endl;
x = N;
}
} initializer;
};
template<int N>
int Bar<N>::x;
template<int N>
typename Bar<N>::init Bar<N>::initializer;
int main()
{
std::cout << Foo::x << std::endl;
std::cout << Bar<1>::x << std::endl;
return 0;
}
这将输出:
Initializing Foo...
1
0
但我希望它能输出:
Initializing Foo...
Initializing Bar...
1
1
这是静态初始化顺序惨败"的示例吗?
Is this an example of the "static initialization order fiasco?"
推荐答案
我找到了适用于任何数据类型的干净解决方案.由于当编译器遇到特定的 Bar< N> :: x
进行实例化时,会评估 template
内的赋值操作,因此我们可以编写:
I have found a clean solution that works for any data type. Since the assignment operation inside a template
is evaluated when the compiler comes across a specific Bar<N>::x
to instantiate, we can write:
template<int N>
int Bar<N>::x = init<N>();
其中 init()
是在 N
上模板化的函数,该函数返回 int
.另外,对于编译器实例化的每个 N
值, init()
只会被调用一次.
where init()
is a function templated on N
that returns an int
. Additionally, init()
will only be called once for each value of N
that the compiler instantiates.
作为一个更有用的示例,在这里我根据一些任意函数初始化一个静态 std :: array
:
As a more useful example, here I initialize a static std::array
according to some arbitrary function:
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
template<int N>
struct Foo
{
static std::array<double,N> x;
};
template<int N>
std::array<double,N> init()
{
std::array<double,N> y;
for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
y[i] = (double)(i*i+i)/N;
}
return y;
}
template<int N>
std::array<double,N> Foo<N>::x = init<N>();
int main()
{
const int N = 10;
for (int i=0; i<N; ++i) {
std::cout << Foo<N>::x[i] << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
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