两个字典(键和值)的递归差异? [英] Recursive diff of two dictionaries (keys and values)?

问题描述

因此，我有一个python字典，将其命名为 d1 ，在以后的某个时间点将该字典的版本命名为 d2 .我想找到 d1 和 d2 之间的所有更改.换句话说，添加，删除或更改的所有内容.棘手的是，值可以是整数，字符串，列表或字典，因此需要递归.这是我到目前为止的内容:

So I have a python dictionary, call it d1, and a version of that dictionary at a later point in time, call it d2. I want to find all the changes between d1 and d2. In other words, everything that was added, removed or changed. The tricky bit is that the values can be ints, strings, lists, or dicts, so it needs to be recursive. This is what I have so far:

def dd(d1, d2, ctx=""):
    print "Changes in " + ctx
    for k in d1:
        if k not in d2:
            print k + " removed from d2"
    for k in d2:
        if k not in d1:
            print k + " added in d2"
            continue
        if d2[k] != d1[k]:
            if type(d2[k]) not in (dict, list):
                print k + " changed in d2 to " + str(d2[k])
            else:
                if type(d1[k]) != type(d2[k]):
                    print k + " changed to " + str(d2[k])
                    continue
                else:
                    if type(d2[k]) == dict:
                        dd(d1[k], d2[k], k)
                        continue
    print "Done with changes in " + ctx
    return

除非值是列表，否则它都可以正常工作.我无法提出一种优雅的方式来处理列表，而又没有在 if(type(d2)== list)之后重复使用此函数的巨大，略有变化的版本.

It works just fine unless the value is a list. I cant quite come up with an elegant way to deal with lists, without having a huge, slightly changed version of this function repeated after a if(type(d2) == list).

有什么想法吗?

这与此帖子不同，因为按键可以更改

This differs from this post because the keys can change

推荐答案

一种选择是将您遇到的所有列表转换成字典，并将索引作为键.例如:

One option would be to convert any lists you run into as dictionaries with the index as a key. For example:

# add this function to the same module
def list_to_dict(l):
    return dict(zip(map(str, range(len(l))), l))

# add this code under the 'if type(d2[k]) == dict' block
                    elif type(d2[k]) == list:
                        dd(list_to_dict(d1[k]), list_to_dict(d2[k]), k)

以下是您在注释中给出的示例词典的输出:

Here is the output with the sample dictionaries you gave in comments:

>>> d1 = {"name":"Joe", "Pets":[{"name":"spot", "species":"dog"}]}
>>> d2 = {"name":"Joe", "Pets":[{"name":"spot", "species":"cat"}]}
>>> dd(d1, d2, "base")
Changes in base
Changes in Pets
Changes in 0
species changed in d2 to cat
Done with changes in 0
Done with changes in Pets
Done with changes in base

请注意，这将按索引比较索引，因此需要进行一些修改才能很好地适用于要添加或删除的列表项.

Note that this will compare index by index, so it will need some modification to work well for list items being added or removed.

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