检查Python字典是否具有相同的形状和键 [英] Check that Python dicts have same shape and keys

问题描述

对于像 x = {'a':1，'b':2} 这样的单层dict，问题很简单，可以通过SO(

For single layer dicts like x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} the problem is easy and answered on SO (Pythonic way to check if two dictionaries have the identical set of keys?) but what about nested dicts?

例如， y = {'a':{'c':3}，'b':{'d':4}} 具有键'a'和'b'，但我想将其形状与另一个嵌套的dict结构进行比较，例如 z = {'a':{'c':5}，'b':{'d':6}} 与 y 具有相同的形状和键(可以使用不同的值). w = {'a':{'c':3}，'b':{'e':4}} 将具有键'a'和'b'，但在下一层不同于 y ，因为 w ['b'] 具有键'e'，而 y ['b'] 具有键'd'.

For example, y = {'a': {'c': 3}, 'b': {'d': 4}} has keys 'a' and 'b' but I want to compare its shape to another nested dict structure like z = {'a': {'c': 5}, 'b': {'d': 6}} which has the same shape and keys (different values is fine) as y. w = {'a': {'c': 3}, 'b': {'e': 4}} would have keys 'a' and 'b' but on the next layer in it differs from y because w['b'] has key 'e' while y['b'] has key 'd'.

想要两个参数 dict_1 和 dict_2 的简短函数，如果它们具有与上述相同的形状和键，则返回 True ，否则为 False .

Want a short/simple function of two arguments dict_1 and dict_2 and return True if they have same shape and key as described above, and False otherwise.

推荐答案

这提供了两个字典的副本，这些字典都去除了任何非字典值，然后将它们进行比较:

This provides a copy of both dictionaries stripped of any non-dictionary values, then compares them:

def getshape(d):
    if isinstance(d, dict):
        return {k:getshape(d[k]) for k in d}
    else:
        # Replace all non-dict values with None.
        return None

def shape_equal(d1, d2):
    return getshape(d1) == getshape(d2)

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