强制在子类python中实现特定属性 [英] force implementing specific attributes in subclass python

问题描述

我有一个父类，我想强迫"所有将从其继承的人来实现某些特定的类属性.

I'm have a parent class, and I would like to "force" everyone that will inherit from it to implement some specific class attributes.

我在方法上没有这个问题，因为我创建了一个引发 NotImplementedError 的伪方法，这很清楚.

I don't have this problem with methods, since I have created a dummy method that raises NotImplementedError, which makes it very clear.

关于类属性-我不想在父类中创建它们并将它们设置为None，因为这不会迫使开发人员在子类中实现它们.

As for class attributes- I do not want to create them in the parent class and set them to None since that doesn't force the developer to implement them in the child class.

一些代码来演示当前情况:

A little code to demonstrate the current situation:

class Pet(object):
    name = None

    def make_noise(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Needs to implement in subclass")

    def print_my_name(self):
        print(self.name)

class Dog(Pet):
    # how to force declairing "name" attribute for subclasses?

    def make_noise(self):
        print("Whof Whof")

在此示例中，开发人员1创建了Pet类，并希望其他开发人员实现具有名称"属性的子类.Developer2实现了一个子类，但不知道他需要实现名称"属性.

In this example, developer 1 created Pet class and wanted other developers to implement subclass with a "name" attribute. Developer2 implemented a subclass, but didn't know he needs implement the "name" attribute.

是否可以在python中创建这样的限制?

Is it possible to create such restrictions in python?

推荐答案

您可以尝试使用 ABCMeta 元类或 ABC .之后，您可以使用 @abstractmethod href ="https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/functions.html#property" rel ="nofollow noreferrer"> @ property .例如:

You can try by using ABCMeta metaclass or ABC. After that you can use the @abstractmethod of an @property. eg:

class Pet(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    @property
    def name(self)
        pass

    def make_noise(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Needs to implement in subclass")

    def print_my_name(self):
        print(self.name)

与此同时，您也可以使用 @ name.setter 添加设置器.

With this you can add a setter as well with @name.setter.

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