GCC:列出一个静态链接的库 [英] GCC: list a statically linked libraries

问题描述

这就是问题.基本上，我的问题是我正在尝试使用选项 -fsanitize = address -static-libasan (调试错误的指针等很酷的东西)为ARM编译应用程序.这可以直接编译为可执行文件，但不适用于从目标文件进行编译.我发现Ofc的静态库是 libasan.a ；无论如何，当我试图链接目标文件中的所有内容时，它说的是«pthread»中的一堆未定义引用，以及一些我什至都找不到的lib所有者函数.

That's the question. Basically my problem is that I am trying to compile an app for ARM with an options -fsanitize=address -static-libasan (cool thing for debugging a wrong pointers and etc.). This compiles fine directly to executable file, but doesn't work for compiling from an object files. Ofc I found that the static lib is libasan.a; anyway when I am trying to link everything from an object file, it says about a bunch of an undefined references in «pthread» and some functions whose lib-owner I didn't even managed to find.

因此，我只想使用 -fsanitize = address -static-libasan 编译文件，并查看哪些库是静态链接的，以便以后可以从目标文件中进行编辑./p>

So, I just want to compile a file with -fsanitize=address -static-libasan and see which a libraries were linked statically, so that I could later do it from an object file.

推荐答案

可执行文件不存储任何从中提取目标文件的静态库的痕迹.不过，大多数情况下，这些库是在链接时明确指定的.编译器仅引入一些标准静态库.对于 gcc ，您可以看到各种信息，包括使用 -v <传递给链接器的实际命令行./code> 选项(似乎有些实现想要使用 --verbose 和链接器 -Wl,--verbose).此输出应显示所有隐式链接的库，例如 -lgcc 和 -lstdc ++ .

An executable stores no trace of any static libraries it pulled object files from. Mostly these libraries are explicitly specified when linking, though. The compiler only pulls in a few standard static libraries. For gcc you can see various information including the actual command line passed to the linker using the -v option (it seems some implementations want to use --verbose and for the linker -Wl,--verbose). This output should show all implicitly linked libraries like -lgcc and -lstdc++.

请注意，您应该使用特定于语言的前端进行链接，并且使用与编译时相同的编译器标志.您的问题描述听起来像是在编译时将 -pthread 与 g ++ 一起使用，但是您尝试使用 gcc 进行链接而没有 -pthread 标志(有几个与线程相关的标志；从描述中无法判断使用了哪个标志).

Note that you should link using the language specific frontend and the same compiler flags as when compiling. Your problem description sounds as if you use -pthread with g++ when compiling but you tried to link using gcc without the -pthread flags (there are a few different threading related flags; from the description it is impossible to tell which one was used).

只是为了处理侮辱，这是在计算机上使用 -v 选项时的示例输出:

Just to deal with the insults, here is an example output when using the -v option on my computer:

ThreadGard:stackoverflow kuehl$ cat hello.cpp 
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
  std::cout << "hello, world\n";
  return 0;
}
ThreadGard:stackoverflow kuehl$ g++ -v -static hello.cpp
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0
Configured with: ../gcc-4.9.2/configure --prefix=/opt/gcc-4.9.2 --with-gmp=/opt/gcc-infrastructure --with-mpfr=/opt/gcc-infrastructure --enable-decimal-float=bid --enable-lto --enable-languages=c,c++
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.2 (GCC) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.4' '-v' '-static' '-mtune=core2'
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/cc1plus -quiet -v -D__STATIC__ hello.cpp -quiet -dumpbase hello.cpp -mmacosx-version-min=10.9.4 -mtune=core2 -auxbase hello -version -o /var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccrt7fXS.s
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.9.2 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.9.2, GMP version 5.0.5, MPFR version 3.1.1, MPC version 1.0.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../../include/c++/4.9.2
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../../include/c++/4.9.2/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../../include/c++/4.9.2/backward
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/include
 /usr/local/include
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/include
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/include-fixed
 /usr/include
 /System/Library/Frameworks
 /Library/Frameworks
End of search list.
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.9.2 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.9.2, GMP version 5.0.5, MPFR version 3.1.1, MPC version 1.0.1
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: fea0def5b69cf8ae349b2f1faf4b1d23
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.4' '-v' '-static' '-mtune=core2'
 as -arch x86_64 -force_cpusubtype_ALL -static -o /var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccPF77oR.o /var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccrt7fXS.s
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/:/opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/:/opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/:/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/:/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/:/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.4' '-v' '-static' '-mtune=core2'
 /opt/gcc-4.9.2/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/collect2 -static -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.4 -weak_reference_mismatches non-weak -o a.out -lcrt0.o -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2 -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../.. /var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccPF77oR.o /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../libstdc++.a -no_compact_unwind -no_pie -lgcc_eh -lgcc -v
collect2 version 4.9.2
/usr/bin/ld -static -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.4 -weak_reference_mismatches non-weak -o a.out -lcrt0.o -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2 -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../.. /var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccPF77oR.o /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../libstdc++.a -no_compact_unwind -no_pie -lgcc_eh -lgcc -v
@(#)PROGRAM:ld  PROJECT:ld64-241.9
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7m armv7em
Library search paths:
    /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2
    /opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib
    /usr/lib
    /usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
    /Library/Frameworks/
    /System/Library/Frameworks/
ld: library not found for -lcrt0.o
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

并没有安装所有静态库来使其实际链接.但是，这很重要，因为输出清楚地列出了链接器调用:

There are not all static libraries installed to make it actually link. However, that's besides the point as the output clearly lists the linker invocation:

/usr/bin/ld -static -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.4 -weak_reference_mismatches非弱-o a.out -lcrt0.o -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2 -L/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../var/folders/b_/64plfvs936v5ylx36qwc8rg00000gp/T//ccPF77oR.o/opt/gcc-4.9.2/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.4.0/4.9.2/../../../libstdc++.a -no_compact_unwind -no_pie-lgcc_eh -lgcc -v

(添加了一些重点以使读者更容易-似乎有必要)

(with some emphasis added to make it easier for readers - it seems to be necessary)

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